As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2020

Registration Number 333-                

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Augmedix, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1161 Mission Street

Suite LL

San Francisco, California 94103

(888) 669-4885

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Paul Ginocchio

Chief Financial Officer

1161 Mission Street

Suite LL

San Francisco, California 94103

(888) 669-4885

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Robert A. Freedman, Esq.

Nicolas H.R. Dumont, Esq.

Fenwick & West LLP

555 California Street

San Francisco, California 94104

(415) 875-2300

From time to time after this registration statement is declared effective.

(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling stockholders may not sell these securities pursuant to this prospectus until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 11, 2020

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

28,970,553 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the offering and resale by the selling stockholders identified herein of up to 28,970,553 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Augmedix, Inc., which include (i) 15,259,501 shares of common stock privately issued to the selling stockholders on October 5, 2020 in exchange for common stock of Augmedix Operating Corporation (f/k/a Augmedix, Inc.) (“Augmedix”), a privately held Delaware corporation, in connection with the closing of the merger between us and Augmedix, (ii) 2,166,667 shares of common stock held by pre-merger stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation, our predecessor, (iii) an aggregate of 2,187,453 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants issued to the issued to the selling stockholders, (iv) an aggregate of 9,138,853 shares of common stock issued in the initial closing of the offering on October 5, 2020 and in subsequent additional closings thereafter through November 13, 2020, and (v) an aggregate of 218,079 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants issued to the Placement Agent in connection with such offering.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders may sell the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus from time to time through the means described in this prospectus under the caption “Plan of Distribution”. For a list of the selling stockholders, see the section entitled “Selling Stockholders” on page 86 of this prospectus. We have borne and will continue to bear the costs relating to the registration of these shares.

There is not currently, and there has never been, any established public trading market for any of our securities. The common stock is not currently eligible for trading on any national securities exchange, including the Nasdaq Stock Market, or any over-the-counter markets, including the OTC Markets-OTCQB tier, or the OTCQB. In connection with this offering, we intend to have a registered broker-dealer to apply to have the common stock quoted on the OTCQB or another OTC system. We cannot assure you that the common stock will become eligible for trading on any exchange or market. Until such time as the common stock is quoted on the OTCQB or another public trading market otherwise develops, the selling stockholders identified herein may only sell their shares of common stock pursuant to this prospectus at a fixed price of $3.00 per share, the price per share in the offering discussed above, for a total offering amount of $86,911,659. At and after such time, the selling stockholders may sell all or a portion of their shares through public or private transactions at prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company”.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, please read “Risk Factors” on page 10 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is              , 2020.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

We have not, and the selling stockholders have not, authorized anyone to give you any information other than the information contained in this prospectus, the information incorporated by reference herein, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We and the selling stockholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurances as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the selling stockholders have authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus filed with the SEC. The selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

For Non-U.S. investors

Neither we nor the selling stockholders have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus filed with the SEC, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus outside the United States.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Description of our Business”, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“the Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements relate to, among others, our plans, objectives and expectations for our business, operations and financial performance and condition, and can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus.

Any forward-looking statement in this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus and the documents that we reference therein and have filed with the SEC as exhibits thereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

This prospectus contains, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may contain, estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business and the markets for certain therapeutics. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained these industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by third parties, industry, medical and general publications, government data and similar sources that we believe to be reliable. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which such data are derived.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information set forth in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed below when considering an investment in our common stock and any risk factors that may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, as well as the other information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose some or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

We have incurred significant losses in the past and will likely experience losses in the future.

We have incurred significant losses in the past and recorded a net loss of $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and $11.8 million and $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $68.3 million, and $80.1 million at September 30, 2020. If we cannot make consistent progress toward future profitability, our business and our stock price may be adversely affected.

Our ability to be profitable in the future depends upon continued demand for our solutions from existing and new customers. Further adoption of our solutions depends upon our ability to improve the quality of our products, enhance clinician and physician satisfaction and increase efficiency and productivity. In addition, our profitability will be affected by, among other things, our ability to execute on our business strategy, the timing and size of contracts, the pricing and costs of our solutions, competitive offerings, macroeconomic conditions affecting the healthcare industry, the COVID-19 crisis, and the extent to which we invest in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative resources.

We have outstanding debt obligations that exceed our cash reserves, and we may be unable to find additional sources of capital to fund our operations.

As of September 30, 2020, we had a $2.9 million senior term loan under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated June 11, 2015, with Comerica Bank (as amended from time to time, including by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of February 14, 2017, that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of April 11, 2017, that certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 28, 2017, that certain Fourth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 20, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Fifth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of September 6, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Sixth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 12, 2018, that certain Default Waiver and Seventh Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 5, 2019, and that certain Eighth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 28, 2019, together the “Comerica LSA”), a $2.2 million “Paycheck Protection Program” loan under the Promissory Note, dated as of April 11, 2020, with East West Bank (the “PPP Loan”) and a $10.0 million subordinated term loan outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 31, 2017, with Trinity Capital Fund III, L. P. (as amended from time to time, including by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated May 31, 2018, that certain Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated October 15, 2018, and that certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated August 29, 2019, together the “Trinity LSA” and together with the Comerica LSA, the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements”). The senior term loan under the Comerica LSA is due and payable in December 2020. The PPP loan is due and payable in April 2022. The subordinated term loan under the Trinity LSA begins amortizing over 28 monthly installments beginning in January 2021. Under current federal guidelines governing PPP loans, we believe we qualify for 100% repayment forgiveness of the PPP Loan, however, there can be no assurance that the federal guidelines will not change in the future and that we will be required to repay some, or all, of the PPP Loan.

Our cash and restricted cash balance stood at $3.4 million on September 30, 2020, of which $2.0 million is restricted under the Comerica LSA. As we currently do not generate positive cash flow from operations, we will need to refinance our debt obligations, or we will require an injection of outside funding to enable us to service our debt, which may result in dilution to our stockholders. We plan to refinance the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our debt or that we will be able to do so on favorable terms. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure additional outside funding in the event we are not able to refinance our existing debt on favorable terms, or at all. In the event our refinancing does not occur, our stock price may decline.

Our sales have been concentrated in a small number of customers.

Our revenues have been concentrated in a relatively small number of large customers, and we have historically derived a significant percentage of our total revenues from a few customers. For fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our two largest customers accounted for 43% and 36%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues. Our two largest customers comprised 48% and 42% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. If one or more customers terminate all or any portion of an agreement, or if we fail to procure additional commitments with these or similarly significant customers, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We expect that we will continue to depend upon a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of our total revenues for the foreseeable future. The loss of any of these customers or groups of customers for any reason, or a change of relationship with any of our key customers could cause a material decrease in our total revenues.

Additionally, mergers or consolidations among our customers in the healthcare industry could reduce the number of our customers and could adversely affect our revenues and sales. In particular, if our customers are acquired by entities that are not also our customers, that do not use our solutions or that have more favorable contract terms and choose to discontinue, reduce or change the terms of their use of our solutions, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

We depend on a limited number of Vendors, and if we are unable to secure services from them, or the services they provide are inadequate, our business and operating results could be harmed.

We depend on a limited number of Vendors in India and Sri Lanka who provide, manage and supervise a significant proportion of the RDSs we depend upon for our business. Any interruption in our relationship with any of these Vendors could cause interruptions or delays in the delivery of our solutions to our customers, and this may force us to seek services from alternative sources, either externally or internally, which may not have the required specifications, or be available in time to meet demand or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, any disruption in the ability of our Vendors to secure services from RDSs could disrupt our offering.

Our medical note documentation business relies on the deployment of RDSs through Vendors. The failure to achieve and maintain high-quality standards, including high accuracy of medical notes, reduction in errors that may cause harm to patients and avoidance of delays in the delivery of medical notes, could seriously hurt our business. If our Vendors fail to provide high quality services, we may incur additional costs and loss of revenues and harm to our reputation.

Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction through an audio/video stream and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system. We have limited control over the RDSs employed by our Vendors and any significant interruption in the operation of the facilities where they are employed, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or to manage these expansions or upgrades, or a failure of Vendors to handle higher volumes of use or train new personnel adequately, could reduce our ability to provide services, which could result in cancelled sales, loss of revenues and damage to our brand and reputation.

While we endeavor to ensure that our Vendors and their RDSs comply with all of our corporate policies and practices, including privacy and data security practices, we have a limited ability to monitor and ensure compliance. If a Vendor deviates from these policies, our reputation with our customers may be harmed and we may incur liability from our customers or governmental agencies.

Currently, many of the RDSs employed by our Vendors and us are forced to work from home due to ongoing shelter-in-place orders due to the COVID-19 crisis. The productivity of our RDSs may suffer as they adapt to these new environments and our ability to ensure compliance with our privacy and data security policies is more limited than in our RDS Operations Centers. This shift has also required additional IT resources for both us and our Vendors and has made the training of RDSs remote, and therefore more resource intensive. Any of these circumstances may also force us to redesign our solutions.

During the first half of 2020, we shifted to a new payment arrangement with our Vendors. This payment arrangement represents a substantial change from the previous model that operated prior to the first half of 2020 wherein Vendors charged us additional flat fees for each RDS passing our training and certification requirements. Under the new arrangement, effective for all Vendors, the hourly rate paid to each Vendor incorporates the amortized cost of training and certifications. If this arrangement proves unsatisfactory to us or our Vendors, we may need to modify these arrangements, which may impact the availability or productivity of our RDSs and may ultimately adversely impact our business.

We depend on a number of technology providers, and if we are unable to source solutions from them, then our business and operating results could be harmed.

Our solutions incorporate multiple software components obtained from licensors on a non-exclusive basis, such as customer relations management software and database and reporting software. Our license agreements can be terminated for cause. In many cases, these license agreements specify a limited term and are only renewable beyond that term with the consent of the licensor. If a licensor terminates a license agreement for cause, objects to its renewal or conditions renewal on modified terms and conditions, we may be unable to obtain licenses for equivalent software components on reasonable terms and conditions, including licensing fees, warranties or protection from infringement claims. Some licensors may discontinue licensing their software to us or support of the software version used in our solutions. In such circumstances, we may need to redesign our solutions with substantial cost and time investment to incorporate alternative software components or be subject to higher royalty costs. Any of these circumstances could adversely affect the cost and availability of our solutions.

Our solution depends on our ability to operate within the EHR systems of our customers, and if we are unable to access these systems, then our operations and business and operating results could be harmed.

Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system employed by our customers. While over 700 different EHRs are available in the U.S., the largest providers are Epic, Cerner, Allscripts and Athena. Any interruption in our ability to access our customer’s EHR systems, either due to software bugs, outages or changes in EHR licenses or policies, could interfere with our ability to update patient records. For example, earlier this year Epic instituted a privacy and security policy change which restricted the ability of non-U.S. vendors from accessing the EHR system for certain of Epic’s health system customers unless grandfathered. While we were unaffected by this policy change for current customers, this change could affect our ability to serve future customers with our foreign-based RDSs and consequently such EHR policy changes may affect our operations.

Our significant international operations subject us to additional risks that can adversely affect our business results of operations and financial condition.

We have significant international operations, including in emerging markets such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, and we continue to expand our international operations as part of our growth strategy. As of September 30, 2020, approximately 79% of our employees were in Bangladesh, where we conduct a significant portion of our RDS operations, development activities and various support services. Of our RDSs, as of September 30, 2020, including those provided by our Vendors, approximately 25% were in Bangladesh, 69% were in India, and 4% were in Sri Lanka.

Our strategy to diversify geographical risk by operating out of several operating centers located in various cities throughout Asia may fail due to our inability to navigate the challenge of international operations. Operating in international markets, and particularly South Asia, requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks and competition that are different from those in the U.S. We cannot assure you that our international expansion efforts will be successful or that returns on such investments will be achieved in the future. In addition, our international operations may fail to succeed due to other risks inherent in operating businesses internationally, including:

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our existing and future international operations and seriously impair our overall business.

If we fail to successfully develop and introduce new solutions and features to existing solutions, our revenues, operating results and reputation could suffer.

Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to develop and introduce new solutions and to add features to existing solutions that meet existing and new customer requirements. We may not be able to develop and introduce new solutions or features on a timely basis or in response to customers’ changing requirements. Similarly, our new solutions and features, including our investments in employing Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (“AI/ML”) in Notebuilder, use of new streaming technology solutions, use of new hardware devices and enhanced EHR system integration efforts, may not sufficiently differentiate us from competing solutions such that customers can justify deploying our solutions. If we encounter setbacks in our efforts to employ AI/ML and other intelligence automation tools to increase the rate at which our RDSs convert unstructured data into structured data in the process of creating medical notes, our business may suffer. We expect to incur costs associated with the development and introduction of new solutions before the anticipated benefits or the returns are realized, if at all. We may experience technical problems and additional costs as we introduce new features to our platform and service and the productivity and satisfaction of physicians and clinicians could decrease, which might result in decreased use of our Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes solutions. If any of these problems were to arise, our revenues, operating results and reputation could suffer.

Due to the COVID-19 crisis, we have taken certain precautions to keep our RDSs and employees safe that could harm our business.

In light of the uncertain and rapidly evolving situation relating the spread of COVID-19 crisis and in compliance with ongoing shelter-in-place orders and other government executive orders directing that all non-essential businesses close their physical operations, we have taken measures intended to help minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to our employees, our customers and the communities in which we participate, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring all non-essential employees to work remotely, suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees, canceling, postponing or holding virtually Company-sponsored events and discouraging employee attendance at industry events and in-person work-related meetings. While we have a distributed workforce and our employees are accustomed to working remotely or working with other remote employees, our workforce is not fully remote. Our employees travel frequently to establish and maintain relationships with one another and with our customers, partners and investors. Further, most of our U.S.-based and internationally-based RDSs have shifted to remote working which may have an adverse impact on our business due to decreased morale among RDSs, increased strain on IT systems, increased difficulty in ensuring compliance with our data security and compliance policies, and increased difficulty in the training, development and recruitment of new RDSs. Our ability to service our customers with RDSs working remotely is contingent upon the consent of our customers, which some customers may not provide. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and guidance become available, temporarily suspending travel and doing business in-person could negatively impact our marketing efforts, our ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, our international expansion efforts, our ability to recruit employees across the organization and in sales and marketing, in particular, which could have longer term effects on our sales pipeline or create operational or other challenges as we adjust to a fully-remote workforce for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, any of which could harm our business. In addition, our management team has, and will likely continue, to spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 crisis and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce. The extent to which the COVID-19 crisis and our precautionary measures may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

We may not be able to keep pace with changes in technology or provide timely enhancements to our products and services.

The market for our products is characterized by rapid technological advancements, changes in customer requirements, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and changing industry standards. To maintain our growth strategy, we must adapt and respond to technological advances and technological requirements of our customers. Our future success will depend on our ability to: enhance our current products, including Augmedix Notes and Augmedix Live; introduce new products in order to keep pace with products offered by our competitors; enhance capabilities, including efforts to increase RDS efficiency through improvements to Notebuilder and Builder Manager; increase the performance of our internal systems, particularly our systems that meet our customers’ requirements and integration with their EHR systems; and adapt to technological advancements and changing industry and regulatory standards for privacy and the management of EHR systems. We continue to make significant investments related to the development of new technology. If our systems become outdated, it may negatively impact our ability to meet performance expectations related to quality, time to market, cost and innovation relative to our competitors. The failure to increase efficiency for healthcare enterprises and improve patient and clinician satisfaction may adversely impact our business and operating results. The failure to continually develop enhancements and use of technologies such as AI/ML, use of new streaming technology solutions, advancements in hardware devices for RDSs and clinicians and enhanced EHR systems integration efforts may impact our ability to increase the efficiency of, and reduce costs associated with, operational risk management and compliance activities.

Any failure to offer high-quality customer support for our platform may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and harm our financial results.

Once our solutions are implemented, our customers use our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our solutions. In addition, we also believe that our success in selling our solutions is highly dependent on our business reputation and on favorable recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could harm our reputation, adversely affect our ability to maintain existing customers or sell our solutions to existing and prospective customers, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could also increase costs and adversely affect our operating results.

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, our business could be harmed.

To execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. If any of our key employees were to leave, we could face substantial difficulty in hiring qualified successors and could experience a loss in productivity while any successor obtains the necessary training and experience. Although we have arrangements with some of our executive officers designed to promote retention, our employment relationships are generally at-will and we have had key employees leave in the past. We cannot assure you that one or more key employees will not leave in the future. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers and other skilled information technology, marketing, sales and operations professionals, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining the professionals we need. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and difficulty in retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In particular, we have experienced a competitive hiring environment in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, where we are headquartered. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do. For example, in September 2020, our Chief Technology Officer resigned to join a larger technology company. In addition, in making employment decisions, job candidates often consider the value of the equity incentives they are to receive in connection with their employment. We and our Vendors also face increasing competition in the recruitment of RDSs in the U.S., Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, both from competitors and other opportunities emerging for those with our RDSs’ skillset. If we and our Vendors experience difficulty in recruiting and retaining RDSs, our business may be adversely affected. If the price of our stock declines, or experiences significant volatility, our ability to attract or retain key employees will be adversely affected. We intend to continue to hire additional highly qualified personnel, including research and development and operational personnel, but may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain qualified personnel in the future. Any failure to attract, integrate, motivate and retain these employees could harm our business.

Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated, and are likely to continue to fluctuate, making our quarterly results difficult to predict, which may cause us to miss analyst expectations and may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Our operating results have been and may continue to be difficult to predict, even in the near term, and are likely to fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control.

Comparisons of our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Each of the following factors, among others, could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter:

We are subject to various state and federal and foreign laws and regulations, including healthcare, data protection and privacy laws and regulations, that may impact our business and could subject us to significant fines and penalties or other negative consequences.

Our operations may be directly or indirectly subject to various state and federal healthcare laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, federal civil and criminal false claims laws, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996’s (“HIPAA”), the federal Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), the federal civil monetary penalties statute, and the federal transparency requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (“PPACA”). These laws may impact, among other things, the sales, for Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons and entities from knowingly and willingly soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the statute has been violated. Additionally, PPACA amended the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. The Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and prohibits many arrangements and practices that would otherwise be lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry.

The federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the civil False Claims Act, prohibit, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim to, or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from or approval by the federal government, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs, or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim or to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. PPACA codified case law that provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil False Claims Act. Suits filed under the civil False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. Many life science and other healthcare companies have recently been investigated or subject to lawsuits by whistleblowers and have reached substantial financial settlements with the federal government under the civil False Claims Act for a variety of alleged improper marketing or other activities, including providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product; providing consulting fees, grants, free travel, and other benefits to physicians to induce them to prescribe the Company’s products; and inflating prices reported to private price publication services, which are used to set drug reimbursement rates under government healthcare programs.

HIPAA created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a healthcare benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing, or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the Anti-Kickback Statute, PPACA amended the intent requirement of the criminal healthcare fraud statutes such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or intent to violate it to have committed a violation.

HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, and its implementing regulations, governs certain types of individuals and entities with respect to the conduct of certain electronic healthcare transactions and imposes certain obligations with respect to the security and privacy of protected health information. The federal civil monetary penalties statute imposes penalties against any person or entity that, among other things, is determined to have presented or caused to be presented a claim to a federal health program that the person knows or should know is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent.

Many states and foreign jurisdictions have similar laws and regulations, such as anti-kickback, anti-bribery and corruption, false claims, privacy and data protection laws, to which we are currently and/or may in the future, be subject. We are also subject to numerous other laws and regulations that are not specific to the healthcare industry. For instance, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), prohibits companies and individuals from engaging in specified activities to obtain or retain business or to influence a person working in an official capacity. Under the FCPA, it is illegal to pay, offer to pay or authorize the payment of anything of value to any foreign government official, governmental staff members, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business or to otherwise influence a person working in an official capacity. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Although we take our obligation to maintain our compliance with these various laws and regulations seriously and our compliance program is designed to prevent the violation of these laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee that our compliance program will be sufficient or effective, that we will be able to integrate the operations of acquired businesses into our compliance program on a timely basis, that our employees will comply with our policies and that our employees will notify us of any violation of our policies, that we will have the ability to take appropriate and timely corrective action in response to any such violation, or that we will make decisions and take actions that will necessarily limit or avoid liability for whistleblower claims that individuals, such as employees or former employees, may bring against us or that governmental authorities may prosecute against us based on information provided by individuals. If we are found to be in violation of any of the laws and regulations described above or other applicable state and federal healthcare laws, we may be subject to penalties, including civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational harm, imprisonment, diminished profits and future earnings, exclusion from government healthcare reimbursement programs, additional reporting requirements and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws, and/or the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and growth prospects. Any action against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Moreover, achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws is costly and time-consuming for our management.

We also may be bound by contractual obligations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security that are more stringent than applicable laws and regulations. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security are significant. For example, in January 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act, which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and contains new operational requirements for companies, went into effect. Some companies, particularly larger or global enterprises, often will not contract with vendors that do not meet these rigorous standards and often seek contract terms to ensure we are financially liable for any breach of laws or regulations. Accordingly, our failure, or perceived inability, to comply with these laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations may limit the use and adoption of our solution, reduce overall demand for our solution, lead to regulatory investigations, breach of contract claims, litigation, and significant fines, penalties, or liabilities for actual or alleged noncompliance or slow the pace at which we close sales transactions, any of which could harm our business.

Efforts to comply with regulatory mandates to increase the use of electronic health data and health system interoperability may lead to negative publicity which could adversely affect our business.

For many years, a primary focus of the healthcare industry has been to increase the use of EHRs and the sharing of the health data among providers, payors and other members of the industry. The federal government has been a significant driver of that initiative through rules and regulations. In 2009, as part of HITECH, the federal government set aside $27 billion of incentives for hospitals and providers to adopt EHR systems. In 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (the “CMS”), proposed policy changes supporting its MyHealthEData initiative to improve patient access and advance electronic data exchange and care coordination throughout the healthcare system. The Interoperability and Patient Access Proposed Rule seeks to make patient data more useful and transferable through open, secure, standardized, and machine-readable formats while reducing restrictive burdens on healthcare providers. In addition to this proposed rule, CMS released a request for information to obtain feedback on interoperability and health information technology adoption in post-acute care settings. As noted in connection with the release of the proposed rule, CMS seeks to break down existing barriers to important data exchange in all aspects of healthcare from patients to providers to payers and researchers.

The goals of increased use of electronic health data and interoperability are improved quality of care and lower healthcare costs generally, and the services we provide rely upon the necessity of electronic health data. However, increased use of electronic health data and the interoperability between our services and those systems inherently magnifies the risk of security breaches involving that data and information systems, including our own. Additionally, the sharing of health information such as that we produce and summarized through Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes, has received increasingly negative publicity. There is at least one well publicized instance where organizations received significant negative publicity for sharing health data despite having appeared to comply in all respects with privacy laws. There can be no assurance that our efforts to improve the services we deliver and to comply with the law through the use of electronic data and system interoperability will not receive negative publicity that may materially and adversely affect our ability to serve clinicians. Negative publicity may also lead to federal or state regulation that conflicts with current federal policy and interferes with the healthcare industry’s efforts to improve care and reduce costs through use of electronic data and interoperability. Further regulation of EHR systems and health records generally may also interfere with our intelligence amplification efforts to help automate the medical note creation process.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated. Any material changes in the political, economic or regulatory healthcare environment that affect the group purchasing business or the purchasing practices and operations of healthcare organizations, or that lead to consolidation in the healthcare industry, could require us to modify our services or reduce the funds available to providers to purchase our solutions and services.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations depend upon conditions affecting the healthcare industry generally and hospitals and health systems particularly. Our ability to grow will depend upon the economic environment of the healthcare industry, as well as our ability to increase the number of solutions that we sell to our customers. The healthcare industry is highly regulated and is subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences. Factors such as changes in reimbursement policies for healthcare expenses, consolidation in the healthcare industry, regulation, litigation and general economic conditions affect the purchasing practices, operation and, ultimately, the operating funds of healthcare organizations. In particular, changes in regulations affecting EHRs, or restrictions on permissible discounts and other financial arrangements, could require us to make unplanned modifications to our solutions and services, or result in delays or cancellations of orders or reduce funds and demand for our solutions and services.

If we fail to offer high-quality services and support for any of our solutions, our operating results and our ability to sell those solutions in the future will be harmed.

Our ability to sell our solutions depends on our implementation services and technical support teams providing high-quality services and support. Our implementation services team assists our customers with their clinical integration, training and project management during the pre-deployment and deployment stages. Once our solutions are deployed within a customer’s facility, the customer typically depends on our technical support team to help resolve technical issues, assist in optimizing the use of our solutions and facilitate adoption of new functionality. If we do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our solutions, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve technical and other post-deployment issues, or provide effective ongoing support services, our ability to expand the use of our solutions within existing customers and to sell our solutions to new customers will be harmed. If deployment of our solutions is deemed unsatisfactory, we may incur significant costs to attain and sustain customer satisfaction or, in extreme cases, our customers may choose not to deploy our solutions. As we hire new services and support personnel, we may inadvertently hire underperforming people who will have to be replaced, or fail to effectively train such employees, leading in some instances to slower growth, additional costs and poor customer relations.

As we continue to pursue opportunities for larger deals that have greater technical complexity or that involve the deployment of products and services that are untested as compared to our older products (such as Augmedix Notes), including deals that require more complex integrations with our customer’s workflows, we may experience a longer time period for our solutions to deploy and as a result, our revenue recognition for these deals may be delayed. Additionally, as we enter agreements with new and existing customers for larger and more complex deals, we have been, and may continue to be, required to agree to customer acceptance and cancellation clauses. With acceptance clauses, delays may occur in obtaining customer acceptance regardless of the quality of our products and services, and may cause us to defer revenue recognition where such acceptance provisions are substantive in nature, or they may require us to incur additional costs in an effort to obtain such customer acceptance. Cancellation clauses may result in a customer canceling an order for services, which could impact our revenues.

If our solutions experience data security breaches, and there is unauthorized access to our customers’ data, we may lose current or future customers, our reputation and business may be harmed and we may incur significant liabilities.

Our solutions are used by our customers to manage and store personally identifiable information, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to their business. Although we maintain security features in our solutions, our security measures may not detect or prevent hacker interceptions, break-ins, security breaches, the introduction of viruses or malicious code, such as “ransomware,” and other disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our solutions. Cyber-attacks and other malicious Internet-based activity continue to increase generally and may be directed at either the solution used by our customers or our corporate information technology software and infrastructure. 

Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, exploit vulnerabilities or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, patch vulnerabilities, or implement adequate preventative measures. Certain of our customers may have a greater sensitivity to security defects or breaches in our software than to defects in other, less critical, software solutions. Any actual or perceived security breach or theft of the business-critical data of one or more of our customers, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to the failure of our software or solutions, may adversely affect the market’s perception of our solutions. There can be no assurance that limitation of liability, indemnification or other protective provisions in our contracts would be applicable, enforceable or adequate in connection with a security breach, or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. One or more large claims may be asserted against us that exceed our available insurance coverage, or changes in our insurance policies may occur, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements. Because the majority of our employees, Vendors and RDSs have shifted to remote work due to ongoing shelter in place orders due to the COVID-19 crisis, our ability to safeguard our systems may be adversely impacted, and we may be more susceptible to data security breaches.

Furthermore, a party that is able to circumvent our security measures or exploit any vulnerabilities in our solutions could misappropriate our or our customers’ proprietary or confidential information, cause interruption in their operations, damage or misuse their computer systems, misuse any information that they misappropriate, cause early termination of our contracts, subject us to notification and indemnity obligations, litigation, and regulatory investigation or governmental sanctions, cause us to lose existing customers, and harm our ability to attract future customers. Because our business is reliant on integration with EHR systems of healthcare providers, and the protection of sensitive patient information, any such breach could cause harm to our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, and we may incur significant liability, and as a result our business and financial position may be harmed.

Our business and reputation may be impacted by IT system failures or other disruptions.

We may be subject to IT systems failures and network disruptions. These may be caused by natural disasters, accidents, power disruptions, telecommunications failures, acts of terrorism or war, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or other events or disruptions. System redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Such failures or disruptions could prevent access to or the delivery of certain of our products or services, compromise our data or our customers’ data or result in delayed or cancelled orders, as well as potentially expose us to third-party claims. System failures and disruptions could also impede our transactions processing services and financial reporting.

War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, including pandemics, and other business disruptions have caused and could cause damage to the global economy, and thus have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues and other issues beyond our control. Such events could decrease our demand for our products or services or make it difficult or impossible for us to develop and deliver our products or services to our customers. A significant portion of our research and development activities, our corporate headquarters, our IT systems and certain of our other critical business operations are concentrated in a few geographic areas. In the event of a business disruption in one or more of those areas, our ability to provide medical note documentation services could suffer, and we could incur significant losses, require substantial recovery time, and experience significant expenditures in order to resume operations, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

Unauthorized use of our proprietary technology and intellectual property could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our success and competitive position depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights protecting our products and services. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or discover aspects of our products or to obtain, license, sell or otherwise use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult and we may not be able to protect our technology from unauthorized use. Additionally, our competitors may independently develop technologies that are substantially the same or superior to our technologies and that do not infringe our rights. In these cases, we would be unable to prevent our competitors from selling or licensing these similar or superior technologies. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., and litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Litigation, regardless of the outcome, can be very expensive and can divert management focus and efforts.

Our sales cycles are lengthy, and it is difficult for us to predict when or if sales will occur.

Our sales efforts are often targeted at larger healthcare systems, and large physician specialty practices, and as a result, we face greater costs, must devote greater sales support to individual customers, have longer sales cycles and have less predictability in completing some of our sales. Also, sales to large healthcare systems often require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our solutions. Our average sales cycle length is approximately 70 days, as measured from the point of initial contact with a potential client to the time a contract is signed.

We believe that our customers view the purchase of our solutions as a significant and strategic decision. As a result, customers carefully evaluate our solutions, often over long periods with a variety of internal constituencies. In addition, the sales of our solutions may be subject to delays if the customer has lengthy internal budgeting, integration, approval and evaluation processes, which are quite common in the context of introducing large enterprise-wide technology solutions in the healthcare industry. As a result, it is difficult to predict the timing of our future sales.

We depend on our management team and our key sales and development and services personnel, and the loss of one or more key employees or groups could harm our business and prevent us from implementing our business plan in a timely manner.

Our success depends on the expertise, efficacy and continued services of our executive officers. We have in the past, and may in the future, continue to experience changes in our executive management team resulting from the departure of executives or subsequent hiring of new executives, which may be disruptive to our business. For example, in March 2019, we hired a Chief Operating Officer, in April 2019, we hired a new Chief Revenue Officer, in May 2019, we hired a new Chief Technology Officer, in January 2020, we hired a Chief Medical Officer, in July 2020, we hired a new Chief Financial Officer, and in September 2020, our Chief Technology Officer resigned from the Company to join a larger technology company. Any changes in business strategies or leadership can create uncertainty, may negatively impact our ability to execute our business strategy quickly and effectively and may ultimately be unsuccessful. The impact of hiring new executives may not be immediately realized. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing development and services personnel because of their familiarity with the inherent complexities of our systems and solutions.

Failure to adequately expand and train our direct sales force will impede our growth.

We rely almost exclusively on our direct sales force to sell our solutions. We believe that our future growth will depend, to a significant extent, on the continued development of our direct sales force and its ability to manage and retain our existing customer base, expand the sales of our solutions to existing customers and obtain new customers. Because our solution is complex and often must interoperate with complex healthcare provider workflows and systems, it can take longer for our sales personnel to become fully productive. Our ability to achieve significant growth in revenues in the future will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining a sufficient number of direct sales personnel. New hires require significant training and may, in some cases, take considerable time before becoming fully productive, if at all. If we are unable to hire and develop sufficient numbers of productive direct sales personnel, and if these sales personnel are unable to achieve full productivity, sales of our solutions will suffer and our growth will be impeded.

If we fail to increase market awareness of our brand and solutions, expand our sales and marketing operations, improve our sales execution, and increase our sales channels, our business could be harmed.

We intend to continue to add personnel and resources in sales and marketing as we focus on expanding awareness of our brand and solutions and capitalize on sales opportunities with new and existing customers. Our efforts to improve sales of our solutions will result in an increase in our sales and marketing expense and general and administrative expense, and these efforts may not be successful. Some newly hired sales and marketing personnel may subsequently be determined to be unproductive and have to be replaced, resulting in operational and sales delays and incremental costs. If we are unable to significantly increase the awareness of our brand and solutions or effectively manage the costs associated with these efforts, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

We must improve our sales execution in order to, among other things, increase the number of our sales opportunities and grow our revenues. We must improve the market awareness of our solutions, expand our relationships with our channel partners and create new channel partnerships, in order to increase our revenues. Further, we believe that we must continue to develop our relationships with new and existing customers and partners and create additional sales opportunities to effectively and efficiently extend our geographic reach and market penetration. Our efforts to improve our sales execution could result in a material increase in our sales and marketing expense and general and administrative expense, and there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful. Further, as we increase our efforts to target smaller medical practices and independent physicians as well as leverage channel partnerships to drive sales, we may be unable to tailor our sales efforts to these strategies. If we are unable to significantly improve our sales execution, increase the awareness of our solutions, create additional sales opportunities, expand our relationships with channel partners, leverage our relationship with strategic partners, or effectively manage the costs associated with these efforts, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Our revenues are dependent on our ability to maintain and expand existing customer relationships and our ability to attract new customers.

The continued growth of our revenues is dependent in part on our ability to expand the use of our solutions by existing customers and attract new customers. Our customers have no obligation to renew their agreements after the expiration of the initial term, and there can be no assurance that they will do so. We have had in the past, and may in the future, have customers discontinue the use of our solution, which may impact such customers’ decisions to continue to use our solutions.

If we are unable to expand our customers’ use of our solutions (which principally involves ensuring that more physicians and clinicians within our existing healthcare group customers adopt our solutions), maintain our renewal rates and expand our customer base, our revenues may decline or fail to increase at historical growth rates, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, if our customers experience dissatisfaction with our service in the future, we may find it more difficult to increase use of our solutions within our existing customer base and it may be more difficult to attract new customers, or we may be required to grant credits or refunds, any of which could negatively impact our operating results and materially harm our business.

Our industry is highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete effectively.

Our industry is highly competitive, highly fragmented and subject to rapid change. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our markets are breadth and depth of process, technology and domain expertise, service quality, reliability of products, services and personnel, the ability to attract, train and retain qualified people, compliance rigor, price and marketing and sales capabilities. In particular, as AI/ML technology develops, competitors may be able to better utilize this technology to automate the medical note documentation process rendering our solution less competitive. Further, the recruitment and retention of RDSs by us and our Vendors has become more competitive in the U.S., Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka as increasing opportunities emerge for our RDSs’ talents, and we may be unable to attract high quality documentation specialists which could cause the quality and competitiveness of our medical note documentation solution to suffer. We compete for business with a variety of companies, including large multinational firms that provide consulting, technology and/or transcription services, off-shore transcription service providers in low-cost locations, and in-house captives of potential customers.

Some of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, technological or other resources and larger client bases than we do and may expand their service offerings and compete more effectively for customers and employees than we do. Some of our competitors have more established reputations and client relationships in our markets than we do. There could also be new competitors that are more powerful as a result of strategic consolidation of smaller competitors or of companies that each provide different services or service different industries.

Due to the Covid-19 crisis, and ongoing shelter-in-place orders, many of our competitors providing in-person, real-time medical note documentation have been forced to rapidly adapt to shelter in place orders and employ technology for the delivery of their documentation solution. As more of these in-person providers shift to providing services remotely, we may face increased competition in the remote, real-time medical note documentation segment in which we primarily operate.

Increased competition may result in lower prices and volumes, higher costs for resources, especially people, and lower profitability. We may not be able to supply customers with services that they deem superior and at competitive prices and we may lose business to our competitors. Any inability to compete effectively would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions or terrorism.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity, and most of our RDSs and Vendors are located in South Asia, a region known to suffer terrorism and natural disasters, including floods, typhoons, droughts and epidemics or contagious diseases. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or a flood, or epidemic or contagious disease, such as the COVID-19 crisis, occurring at our headquarters, our other facilities or where our RDSs are located, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, acts of terrorism could cause disruptions in our business, the businesses of our customers and suppliers, or the economy as a whole. We also rely on information technology systems to communicate among our workforce located worldwide, and in particular, our senior management, general and administrative, and research and development activities that are coordinated with our corporate headquarters in the San Francisco Bay Area. Any disruption to our internal communications, whether caused by a natural disaster, an epidemic or contagious disease, or by man-made problems, such as power disruptions, in the San Francisco Bay Area, Bangladesh, India or Sri Lanka could delay our research and development efforts, cause delays or cancellations of customer orders or delay deployment of our solutions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our use of open source and non-commercial software components could impose risks and limitations on our ability to commercialize our solutions.

Our solutions contain software modules licensed under open source and other types of non-commercial licenses. We also may incorporate open source and other licensed software into our solutions in the future. Use and distribution of such software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as licenses of these types generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some of these licenses require the release of our proprietary source code to the public if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in certain manners. This could allow competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately result in a loss of sales for us.

The terms of many open source and other non-commercial licenses have not been judicially interpreted, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our solutions. In such event, in order to continue offering our solutions, we could be required to seek licenses from alternative licensors, which may not be available on a commercially reasonable basis or at all, to re-engineer our solutions or to discontinue the sale of our solutions in the event we cannot obtain a license or re-engineer our solutions on a timely basis, any of which could harm our business and operating results. In addition, if an owner of licensed software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the corresponding license agreement, we could incur significant legal costs defending ourselves against such allegations. In the event such claims were successful, we could be subject to significant damages, be required to disclose our source code, or be enjoined from the distribution of our solutions.

We rely on a small number of third-party service providers to host and deliver our solution, and any interruptions or delays in services from these third parties could impair the delivery of our cloud-based solutions and harm our business.

We currently operate our solutions primarily through third-party data centers. We do not control the operation of these facilities. These facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They are also subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. The occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions, which would have a serious adverse impact on our business. Additionally, our data center agreements are of limited duration, subject to early termination rights in certain circumstances, may include inadequate indemnification and liability provisions, and the providers of our data centers have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

We currently employ third-party data centers in the U.S. for hosting our solution and for retention of data, and we may transfer data to other providers or locations. Despite precautions taken during this process, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair the delivery of our service. Interruptions in our service, data loss or corruption may subject us to liability to our customers, cause customers to terminate their agreements and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers. Data transfers may also subject us to regional privacy and data protection laws that apply to the transmission of customer data across international borders.

We also depend on access to the Internet through third-party bandwidth providers to operate our solution. If we lose the services of one or more of our bandwidth providers, or if these providers experience outages, for any reason, we could experience disruption in delivering our cloud-based solutions or we could be required to retain the services of a replacement bandwidth provider. Any Internet outages or delays could adversely affect our ability to provide our solutions to our customers. Our data center operations also rely heavily on the availability of electricity, which also comes from third-party providers. If we or the third-party data center facilities that we use to deliver our services were to experience a major power outage or if the cost of electricity were to increase significantly, our operations and financial results could be harmed. If we or our third-party data centers were to experience a major power outage, we or they would have to rely on back-up generators, which might not work properly or might not provide an adequate supply during a major power outage. Such a power outage could result in a significant disruption of our business.

The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this Prospectus may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus, including those we have generated ourselves, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of addressable users or companies covered by our market opportunity estimates will purchase our products at all or generate any particular level of revenues for us. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our services and those of our competitors. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted in this prospectus, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

We may require additional capital to support our business growth, and such capital may not be available.

We intend to continue to make investments to support business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, which include the need to develop new solutions or enhance existing solutions, enhance our operating infrastructure, expand our sales and marketing capabilities, and acquire complementary businesses, technologies or assets. Accordingly, we may need to engage in additional equity or debt financing to secure funds. Equity and debt financing, however, might not be available when needed or, if available, might not be available on terms satisfactory to us. If we raise additional funds through equity financing, our stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us in the future, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited as we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate some or all of our initiatives, which could harm our operating results.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements provide our lenders with first-priority liens against substantially all of our assets and contain financial covenants and other restrictions on our actions, which could limit our operational flexibility and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements restricts our ability to, among other things:

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements also prohibits us during certain covered time periods from allowing Minimum Cash (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements) and EBITDA (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements) at all times from dropping below prescribed minimums. Our ability to comply with this and other covenants is dependent upon several factors, some of which are beyond our control.

Our failure to comply with the covenants or payment requirements, or the occurrence of other events specified in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, could result in an event of default under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, which would give our lenders the ability to declare all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, we have granted our lenders first-priority liens against all of our assets as collateral. Failure to comply with the covenants or other restrictions in the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements could result in a default. If the debt under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements was to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash on hand or be able to sell sufficient collateral to repay it, which would have an immediate adverse effect on our business and operating results. We will need to refinance our debt obligations, or we will require an injection of outside funding to enable us to service our debt which may result in dilution to our stockholders. We plan to refinance our Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreements, however, in the event that such refinancing is successful, we may be subject to similar liens, covenants or other restrictions on our actions, or liens, covenants or other restrictions that are more restrictive than those as to which we are currently subject.

Non-compliance with the objective and subjective criteria for the Paycheck Protection Program loan could have a material adverse effect on our business.

On April 11, 2020, we availed ourselves of the PPP Loan in the aggregate amount of $2.2 million, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act, which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP Loan, which was in the form of a note dated April 11, 2020 issued by the Company, matures on April 11, 2022, and bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum, payable monthly commencing on November 11, 2020. The PPP Loan may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Funds from the PPP Loan may only be used for payroll costs, costs used to continue group healthcare benefits, mortgage payments, rent, utilities, and interest on other debt obligations. The Company intends to use the entire PPP Loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act.

On April 23, 2020, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury stated that the SBA will perform a full review of any PPP loan over $2.0 million before forgiving the loan. In order to apply for the PPP Loan, we were required to certify, among other things, that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loan request necessary to support our ongoing operations. We made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, the maintenance of our entire workforce, notwithstanding certain “work-from-home” limitations. We also took into account our need for additional funding to continue operations, and our ability to currently access alternative forms of capital in the current market environment. Following this analysis, we believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loan, and that our receipt of the PPP Loan is consistent with the objectives of the CARES Act. If it is later determined that we were ineligible to receive the PPP Loan or determined that we did not comply with requirements after receiving the PPP Loan, we may be required to repay the PPP Loan in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties and adverse publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our lack of an entirely independent audit committee at this time may hinder our board of directors’ effectiveness in monitoring our compliance with our disclosure and accounting obligations. Until we establish such committee, we will be unable to obtain a listing on a national securities exchange.

Although our common stock is not listed on any national securities exchange, for purposes of independence we use the definition of independence applied by Nasdaq. Currently, our audit committee is not compromised of all independent directors.

An independent audit committee would play a crucial role in the corporate governance process, assessing our processes relating to our risks and control environment, overseeing financial reporting, and evaluating internal and independent audit processes. We may, however, have difficulty attracting and retaining independent directors with the requisite qualifications to serve on an audit committee. An independent audit committee (with certain exceptions and phase in-periods if we are a controlled company) is required for listing on any national securities exchange. Therefore, until such time as we meet the audit committee independence requirements of a national securities exchange, we will be ineligible for listing on any national securities exchange.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported operating results and financial condition and could affect the reporting of transactions already completed before the announcement of a change.

Our revenue recognition policy and other factors may distort our financial results in any given period and make them difficult to predict.

Under accounting standards update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenues when our customer obtains control of goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Our subscription revenues consist of the monthly service fees for Augmedix Live and Augmedix Notes, our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions. A significant increase or decline in our subscription contracts in any one quarter may not be fully reflected in the results for that quarter, but will affect our revenues in future quarters. These may make it challenging to forecast our revenues for future periods, as both the mix of solutions and services we will sell in a given period, as well as the size of contracts, is difficult to predict.

Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition. In some instances, we could reasonably use different estimates and assumptions, and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

Given the foregoing factors, our actual results could differ significantly from our estimates, comparing our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and our past results may not be indicative of our future performance.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments involve the identification of performance obligations in revenue recognition, deferred income tax valuation allowances, the valuation of the stock-based awards, including the determination of fair value of common stock and the estimates of our warrant liability. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our financial condition and operating results.

Our sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of our operating expenses are incurred in Bangladesh and India and are denominated in Bangladeshi Takas and Indian Rupees and are therefore subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Historically, we have not, and we currently do not, use foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against certain cash flow exposures resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We may decide to use forward currency contracts in the future, but this hedging strategy may not ultimately be effective and may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

RISKS RELATED TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile and could decline.

The quotation systems, including the OTC Markets QB, or stock markets, including Nasdaq, on which our common stock may be quoted or on which our common stock may be listed following the Merger under the symbol “AUGX” have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. Even if an active, liquid and orderly trading market develops and is sustained for our common stock following the Merger, the market price of our common stock may be volatile and could decline significantly. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the market price of our common stock as of the date of the consummation of the Merger. We cannot assure you that the market price of common stock will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:

In the past, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their shares. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired. In addition, the presence of material weaknesses increases the risk of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements.

The Company is currently a public company and is required, pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting on its annual report on Form 10-K.  Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, such internal controls are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

The report by management will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified in internal control over financial reporting. However, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act following the consummation of the Merger, its independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Management’s assessment of internal controls, when implemented, could detect problems with internal controls, and an independent assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls by our auditors could detect further problems that management’s assessment might not, and could result in the identification of material weaknesses that were not otherwise identified. Undetected material weaknesses in internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation. We are required to disclose changes made in internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. To comply with the public company requirements, we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff.

We are in the early stages of developing the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete its evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that internal control over financial reporting is effective.

If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective including as a result of the material weaknesses described above, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of financial reports, which would cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements following the consummation of the Merger, we may not be able to remain quoted on the OTC Markets QB, or following our potential up listing, Nasdaq.

Our common stock may not be eligible for listing or quotation on any securities exchange.

We do not currently meet the initial quantitative listing standards of any national securities exchange or over-the-counter trading system. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the initial listing standards of any national securities exchange, or, if we do meet such initial listing standards, that we will be able to maintain any such listing. Further, the national securities exchanges are adopting so-called “seasoning” rules that will require that we meet certain requirements, including prescribed periods of time trading over-the-counter and minimum filings of periodic reports with the SEC, before we are eligible to apply for listing on such national securities exchanges. We intend to contact an authorized market maker for an over-the-counter quotation system for sponsorship of our common stock, but we cannot guarantee that such sponsorship will be approved and our common stock listed and quoted for sale. Even if our common stock is quoted for sale on an over-the-counter quotation system, buyers may be insufficient in numbers to allow for a robust market and it may prove impossible to sell your shares. In addition, an investor may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. In addition, if we fail to meet the criteria set forth in SEC regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect its liquidity. This would also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. 

Because we became a reporting company under the Exchange Act by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, we may not be able to attract the attention of research analysts at major brokerage firms.

Because we did not become a reporting company by conducting an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock, and because we will not be listed on a national securities exchange, security analysts of brokerage firms may not provide coverage of our Company. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might if we became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering, because they may be less familiar with our Company as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, and because we became public at an early stage in our development. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for our shares will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging growth companies, including:

We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of the initial public offering of Malo Holdings Corporation. Our status as an emerging growth company will end as soon as any of the following takes place:

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on any of the exemptions afforded emerging growth companies. If some investors find our common stock less attractive because we rely on any of these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the market price of our common stock may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this provision of the JOBS Act. As a result, we will not be subject to new or revised accounting standards at the same time as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a “smaller reporting company” even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenues is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

We may face risks related to securities litigation that could result in significant legal expenses and settlement or damage awards.

We may in the future become subject to claims and litigation alleging violations of the securities laws or other related claims, which could harm our business and require us to incur significant costs. Significant litigation costs could impact our ability to comply with certain financial covenants under our credit agreement. We are generally obliged, to the extent permitted by law, to indemnify our current and former directors and officers who are named as defendants in these types of lawsuits. Regardless of the outcome, litigation may require significant attention from management and could result in significant legal expenses, settlement costs or damage awards that could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors who are not nominated by current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions:

In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), our restated certificate of incorporation, or our restated bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Our restated bylaws will provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act (“Federal Forum Provision”). Our decision to adopt a Federal Forum Provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law. While there can be no assurance that federal courts or state courts will follow the holding of the Delaware Supreme Court or determine that the Federal Forum Provision should be enforced in a particular case, application of the Federal Forum Provision means that suits brought by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court. While neither the exclusive forum provision nor the Federal Forum Provision applies to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder also must be brought in federal court. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to our exclusive forum provisions, including the Federal Forum Provision. These provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of their choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees.

In addition, Section 203 of the DGCL may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

Our stock price and trading volume following our quotation on the OTC Markets QB, if any, or following our potential up listing on Nasdaq, if any, will be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our business. If few securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, our stock price could be negatively affected. If securities or industry analysts downgrade our common stock, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price to decline and could decrease the trading volume of our common stock.

There currently is no market for our common stock and there can be no assurance that a market will ever develop. Failure to develop or maintain a trading market could negatively affect the value of our common stock and make it difficult or impossible for you to sell your shares. If a market for our common stock develops, our stock price may be volatile and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses.

Our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. Therefore, there is no trading market, active or otherwise, for our common stock. We plan for our common stock to become listed on, and remain eligible for quotation on, the OTCQB, or on another over-the-counter quotation system, or in the pink sheets. In those venues, however, the shares of our common stock may trade infrequently and in low volumes, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent and the trading price of our common stock may be extremely volatile. Investors may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock or to sell their shares at or near bid prices or at all. In addition, if we fail to meet the criteria set forth in SEC regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect the liquidity of our common stock. This would also make it more difficult for us to raise capital.

In addition, we may not ever be able to satisfy the listing requirements for our common stock to be listed on a national securities exchange, which is often a more widely-traded and liquid market. Some, but not all, of the factors which may delay or prevent the listing of our common stock on a more widely-traded and liquid market include the following: our stockholders’ equity may be insufficient; the market value of our outstanding securities may be too low; our net income from operations may be too low; our common stock may not be sufficiently widely held; we may not be able to secure market makers for our common stock; and we may fail to meet the rules and requirements mandated by the several exchanges and markets to have our common stock listed. Should we fail to satisfy the initial listing standards of the national exchanges or the OTCQB, or our common stock is otherwise rejected for listing, the trading price of our common stock could suffer, the trading market for our common stock may be less liquid and our common stock price may be subject to increased volatility.

If a market for our common stock develops, whether on a national exchange or the OTCQB, its market price could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including the other risks described in this section titled “Risk Factors.” In addition, the stock markets in general, including in the industry in which we operate, have experienced extreme volatility, particularly due to the COVID-19 crisis, that has, in some cases, been unrelated to the operating performance of the issuer. Accordingly, these broad market and industry factors may also seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.

The designation of our common stock as “penny stock” would limit the liquidity of our common stock.

Our common stock may be deemed a “penny stock” (as that term is defined under Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act) in any market that may develop in the future. Generally, a “penny stock” is a common stock that is not listed on a securities exchange and trades for less than $5.00 a share. Prices often are not available to buyers and sellers and the market may be very limited. Penny stock in start-up companies is among the riskiest equity investments. Broker-dealers who sell penny stock must provide purchasers with a standardized risk-disclosure document prepared by the SEC. The document provides information about penny stock and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also provide purchasers with bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation and make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and obtain the purchaser’s written agreement to the purchase. Many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions. If our common stock is deemed “penny stock”, because of penny stock rules, there may be less trading activity in any market that develops for our common stock in the future and stockholders are likely to have difficulty selling their shares.

We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.

Cash dividends have never been declared or paid on our common stock, and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future. Any future determination about the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, if any, capital requirements, operating and financial conditions, contractual restrictions, including any loan or debt financing agreements, and on such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. In addition, we have entered into agreements, including the Comerica LSA and Trinity LSA, that contain restrictions on payments of cash dividends, and we may continue to enter into agreements with such limitations in the future. We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, stockholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of common stock. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates. We cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

FINRA sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) has adopted rules requiring that, in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative or low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA has indicated its belief that there is a high probability that speculative or low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. If these FINRA requirements are applicable to us or our securities, they may make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that at least some of their customers buy our common stock, which may limit the ability of our stockholders to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market for and price of our common stock.

Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Pursuant to the registration rights agreement we entered into with certain holders of our common stock issued in connection with the Private Placement and the Merger or held by our pre-Merger stockholders, as amended to date, we have agreed, at our expense, to prepare and file this registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of up to 28,970,553 shares of our common stock, which consists of shares of our common stock that are held by our pre-Merger stockholders, were issued in connection with the Merger and the Private Placement. After it is declared effective by the SEC, the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part will permit the resale of these shares at any time for up to three years following the effective date of such registration statement. The resale, or expected or potential resale, of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you feel are appropriate. Furthermore, we expect that, because all of our outstanding shares of common stock and shares underlying outstanding warrants and a convertible note will be registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, selling stockholders will continue to offer shares covered by such registration statement in significant amounts and for a significant period of time, the precise duration of which cannot be predicted. Accordingly, the adverse market and price pressures resulting from an offering pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part may continue for an extended period of time, and continued negative pressure on the market price of our common stock could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional equity capital.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MERGER, THE OFFERING, AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Merger Agreement

On October 5, 2020, Malo Holdings Corporation, Acquisition Sub and Augmedix entered into the Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, Acquisition Sub merged with and into Augmedix, with Augmedix continuing as the surviving corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary.

As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Augmedix, a provider of remote medical documentation and live clinical support services with a mission to rehumanize the clinician-patient relationship so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care. See “Description of our Business” below. At the Effective Time, each of Augmedix’s shares of capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a)  0.420864013 shares of our common stock (the “Common Share Conversion Ratio”) (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $3.00 multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors and those with an entitlement to shares of Augmedix’s capital stock), with the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable to the former holders of Augmedix’s capital stock equal to 15,458,133 after adjustments due to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 2,833,333 shares of our common stock owned by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger were subject to the Stock Forfeiture.

In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 10,011,161 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into options to purchase 4,213,153 shares of our common stock, (ii) stock appreciation rights to purchase 601,768 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into stock appreciation rights to purchase 252,983 shares of our common stock (iii) warrants to purchase 6,576,565 shares of Augmedix’s Series B convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 2,767,836 shares of our common stock, and (iv) warrants to purchase 13,273 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 5,584 shares of our common stock.

See “Description of Capital Stock” below for more information. The issuance of shares of our common stock, or options, stock appreciation rights or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, to Augmedix’s former security holders are collectively referred to as the “Share Conversion.”

The Merger Agreement contained customary representations and warranties and pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing conditions.

As a condition to the Merger, we entered into a Pre-Merger Indemnity Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to indemnify such former officer and directors for actions taken by them in their official capacities relating to the consideration, approval and consummation of the Merger and certain related transactions.

The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for us for financial reporting purposes. Augmedix is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and our historical financial statements before the Merger will be replaced with the historical financial statements of Augmedix before the Merger in future filings with the SEC. The Merger is intended to be treated as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

The Offering

Following the Effective Time of the Merger, we sold 9,138,853 shares of our common stock pursuant to a private placement offering for up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock, at $3.00 per share in multiple closings through November 13, 2020.

The aggregate gross proceeds from the closings of the Offering were $27.4 million (before deducting placement agent fees and expenses of approximately $2.2 million).

The closings of the Offering were exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the SEC thereunder. The common stock in the initial closing of the Offering was sold to “accredited investors,” as defined in Regulation D, and was conducted on a “reasonable best efforts” basis.

Registration Rights

In connection with the Merger and the Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we have agreed that promptly, but no later than 60 calendar days from the final closing of the Offering, we will file, subject to customary exceptions, a registration statement with the SEC (the “Registration Statement”), covering (i) the shares of our common stock issued in the Offering; (ii) the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants, (iii) the shares of our common stock issued as a result of the Share Conversion; and (iv) 2,166,667 shares of our common stock held by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger ((i)-(iv) collectively, the “Registrable Shares”). We will use our commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that such Registration Statement is declared effective within 150 calendar days after the final closing of the Offering.

Subject to customary exceptions, if (i) we are late in filing the Registration Statement, (ii) the Registration Statement is not declared effective within 150 days after the final closing of the Offering (provided that such failure of the Registration Statement to be declared effective within one hundred fifty (150) calendar days is the result of any action or failure to act on the part of the Company) (the “Registration Effectiveness Date”), (iii) we fail to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iv) the holders of Registrable Shares cannot use the Registration Statement to resell the Registrable Shares for a period of more than 15 consecutive trading days (except for suspension of the use of the Registration Statement during certain Blackout Period (as defined below)), or (v) following the listing or inclusion for quotation on the OTC Markets, the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the NYSE American, trading of our common stock is suspended or halted for more than three full, consecutive trading days ((i)-(v) collectively, “Registration Events”), we will make payments to each holder of Registrable Shares as monetary penalties at a rate equal to 12% per annum of the total value of Registrable Shares held or purchased by such holder and affected during the period, based on the offering price of $3.00 per share; provided that the maximum amount of monetary penalties paid by us will not exceed 5% of such total value. No monetary penalties will accrue with respect to (1) any Registrable Shares removed from the Registration Statement in response to a comment from the staff of the SEC limiting the number of shares of common stock which may be included in the Registration Statement (a “Cutback Comment”), (2) any Registrable Shares that may be resold without manner of sale restrictions, current information requirements, volume limitations or other limitations under Rule 144 or another exemption from registration under the Securities Act, (3) any Registrable Shares excluded from a Registration Statement because a holder fails to provide information concerning the holder and the manner of distribution of the holder’s Registrable Shares that is required by SEC rules to be disclosed, and (4) any circumstance in which the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective on or before 150 days after the final closing of the Offering, and the reason for the SEC’s determination is that (a) the offering of any of the Registrable Shares constitutes a primary offering of securities by the Company, (b) Rule 415 of the Securities Act may not be relied upon for the registration of the resale of any or all of the Registrable Shares, and/or (c) a holder of any Registrable Shares must be named as an underwriter and such holder does not consent to be so named in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if the SEC does not declare the Registration Statement effective before the Registration Effectiveness Date, in certain circumstances we may still be liable for liquidated damages if we do not continue to use our commercially reasonable efforts at the first opportunity that is permitted by the SEC to register for resale all such Registrable Securities, using one or more registration statements that we are then entitled to use. Any cutback resulting from a Cutback Comment shall be allocated to the Registrable Shares pro rata based on the total number of such shares held by or issuable to each holder thereof.

We must use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Registration Statement effective for three years from the date it is declared effective by the SEC or until the date on which all Registrable Shares have been transferred other than to certain enumerated permitted assignees under the Registration Rights Agreement.

We will pay all expenses in connection with the registration obligations provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration, filing, and stock exchange fees, printing expenses, all fees and expenses of complying with applicable securities laws, the fees and disbursements of our counsel and of our independent public accountants, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of a single counsel to the holders of the Registrable Securities, not to exceed $35,000. Each holder will be responsible for its own sales commissions, if any, transfer taxes and the expenses of any other attorney or advisor such holder decides to employ.

OTC Quotation

Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. We intend to cause our common stock to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB tier as soon as practicable following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so and, even if we do so, there can be no assurance that our common stock will continue to be quoted on the OTC Markets or quoted or listed on any other market or exchange, or that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or continue. See “Risk Factors—There is currently no market for our common stock and there can be no assurance that any market will ever develop. You may therefore be unable to re-sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you believe are appropriate.” below.

Assumption of Augmedix Warrants

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and upon the closing of the Merger, the Company assumed each warrant to purchase Augmedix preferred or common stock that remained outstanding, and converted each into a warrant to purchase a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of shares of Augmedix preferred or common stock subject to the warrant immediately prior to the Merger, multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio, with any fraction rounded down to the nearest whole number. The exercise price per share of each such assumed warrant is equal to the exercise price of the Augmedix warrant prior to the assumption, divided by such applicable Merger conversion ratio (rounded up to the nearest whole cent).

DESCRIPTION OF OUR BUSINESS

Our Mission

Our mission is to re-humanize healthcare by enabling doctors to be doctors. Our solution helps relieve the burden of medical note documentation so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care.

Overview

The medical note documentation burden in the U.S. is significant. It is a major contributor to doctor burnout, which according to a recent study in the Annals of Internal Medicine, costs the U.S. healthcare industry $4.6 billion from lost productivity and recruiting costs.

Healthcare practitioners in the U.S. often look to outsourced solutions to handle their documentation. There are various solutions that are marketed to clinicians (which include licensed physicians, nurse practitioners and physicians’ assistants, but not registered nurses). These range in scope from self-serve dictation tools to fully out-sourced medical note documentation solutions. We are a provider of a fully out-sourced medical note documentation solution that also provides supplemental clinical support to the U.S. healthcare industry.

Augmedix was incorporated in 2013 and launched its commercial real-time, remote documentation services in 2014. We provide software compatible with off-the-shelf, mobile client devices (smartphones or Google Glass) that enables clinicians to communicate with remotely-located documentation specialists (each an “RDS”, and collectively “RDSs”). Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the electronic health record (“EHR”) system. The EHR system is third-party software licensed by the healthcare clinic or system to manage patient charts.

Patient care in the U.S. is provided in ambulatory or clinical environments and hospitals. We focus most of our efforts in the ambulatory/clinical segment of the patient care market. Roughly 85-90% of the physicians who subscribe to our service are employed directly by, or are affiliated with, a healthcare enterprise. The remaining 10-15% consists of small practices and individual practitioners.

We have generated in excess of four million medical notes since we began offering our service and are currently delivering over 35,000 notes to our customers each week. We estimate that our solution saves doctors two to three hours each day which is time that they can redeploy to see more patients or improve their work-life balance. We believe the benefits to healthcare enterprises are increased productivity and higher clinician and patient satisfaction.

The current COVID-19 crisis and resulting safety protocols have prompted a significant shift towards delivering health services remotely via telemedicine. Our technology platform was designed to enable real time, two-way communication between remotely-located participants. As such, we were able to continue to provide uninterrupted service to our customers. In early April 2020, over 90% of the physicians we served conducted approximately 60% of their patient visits remotely. As of July 2020, while the number of clinicians practicing telemedicine stayed relatively constant, the proportion of their daily telemedicine visits declined to approximately 30% as patients became more comfortable seeing their doctors in person. However, we believe telemedicine will remain an important part of health services delivery even after the end of the COVID-19 crisis.

The COVID-19 crisis has also required modifications to how we deliver our service. While our general business model is to provide RDS service from central operating centers, local shelter in place orders have required us to shift to work-from-home for all employees and contracted employees. We were able to transition to full work from home for all RDSs worldwide within a few days with very little service interruption. We will continue our work from home model until local conditions remove shelter in place orders and employees can safely work from our central operations centers. We instituted additional system controls to ensure compliance with our privacy practices.

Our technology vision is to automate as much of the medical note creation process as possible by applying an approach we refer to as “intelligence amplification.” While the unstructured nature of a conversation between physician and patient places inherent limitations on how much note creation can ultimately be automated, we believe automation, even if partial, could generate significant benefits including improved operating efficiencies, higher-quality medical notes and a more uniform level of note quality.

Our intelligence amplification approach toward achieving note automation is different than that being pursued by other participants in our industry. Our approach is based upon our belief that technicians will be a necessary part of the note creation process for a long time. We use widely available technology today to mine our data sets and help us build the models needed to enable automation. However, we use such technology to build tools that our RDSs can use to automate some of the principal tasks in the note creation process rather than attempt to build self-serve software designed for use directly by physicians.

Our Industry

Accurate medical records are indispensable to ongoing patient care. The cornerstone of any medical record system is proper recording of a patient’s examination as it occurs. Pen and paper, either in the hands of a physician or an in-person documentation specialist, have been the traditional method of producing medical notes, but this method can be both time consuming in the hands of a caregiver and subject to subsequent misinterpretation due to illegibility or other factors. Misinterpretation of the information actually recorded can lead to confusion regarding the patient’s condition and/or clinician services provided. The volume of medical information required to be recorded and the number of intended recipients has also increased.

The advent of computerized record systems, that are now an integral part of the healthcare landscape as a result of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (“HITECH”), has ushered in a new era of record keeping in which medical records are stored as electronic text and data that enhances legibility and has the potential to be more thorough. Furthermore, computerized record systems can be instantly accessed by numerous practitioners at the same time, which has enabled medical practitioners to instantly share medical records with each other for mutually-served patients.

The enormous resources expended on medical documentation has burdened the healthcare industry and caused many organizations, as well as individual practitioners, to look to outsourcing solutions. Existing EHR medical record systems are generally cumbersome for practitioners to use due to their highly structured nature and user interfaces that cause data entry to be regimented by design and be quite time consuming. Today, we estimate that up to one-third of a doctor’s day is consumed by the required and complex interactions with the EHR. This can lead to many physicians authoring their notes hours or days after the actual patient visit. Physicians also need to invest significant time to familiarize themselves with the EHR whenever a new EHR is adopted or whenever an update to an existing EHR is introduced. These issues are compounded by the fractured nature of the EHR space, with over 700 different EHRs available in the U.S. The largest of these are Epic, Cerner, Allscripts and Athena.

The COVID-19 crisis is placing even more pressure on healthcare systems by compelling organizations to radically change patient care protocols to ensure patient and care team safety. One of the changes having a profound effect on the documentation sector is the shift towards telehealth. Technology available today is enabling effective clinician-patient interactions conducted remotely, which had previously not been possible.

In April 2020, over 60% of all patient visits were conducted remotely. That number has decreased since then, as patients become more comfortable with in-person visits and healthcare organizations institute appropriate safety measures at their facilities to accommodate in-person visits. Nevertheless, this shift to telehealth is expected to remain a key component of the U.S. healthcare delivery system even after the current COVID-19 crisis.

The principal legacy tools and solutions (manual, or existing EHR solutions) are not ideally suited to the changing U.S. healthcare landscape. Automated dictation tools have evolved such that they convert speech to text with minimal errors, however, they demand a great deal of the clinician’s time to convert the relevant aspects of their interactions with patients into a cogent, accurate and comprehensive medical note. The in-person documentation specialist, one of the most prevalent out-sourced solution, has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 crisis which reduced the ability for such personnel to be physically present at the point of care delivery.

Our Opportunity

We believe that we have the opportunity to serve the ambulatory/clinical segment of the U.S. patient care services market with solutions that address medical note documentation needs. Our solutions cater to large and small healthcare organizations but can also be adopted by individual practitioners. There are currently about 1.1 million physicians in the U.S. About 88% of these, or 980,000 work within the specialties that we currently cover. Of these, about 30%, or 295,000, fall within the productivity parameters we establish as the best prospects for realizing the highest customer ROIs. Using our average current subscription price of $1,800/doctor/month, we believe that our total addressable market in the U.S. is approximately $6.0 billion annually.

Our existing customers employ directly, or are affiliated with, about 212,000 physicians. Applying similar ratios as the industry as a whole, yields a total of about 56,000 addressable physicians, which translates to a $1.0 billion opportunity annually. As such, our existing enterprise healthcare customers represent about 19% of the total U.S. addressable market. Based upon the number of physicians we currently service, we have penetrated about ½ of one percent of the potential that resides within our existing enterprise customer base.

In addition to physicians who work in the ambulatory or clinical setting of healthcare centers, there are approximately 57,000 emergency department physicians in the U.S. today. We are currently piloting our service at one hospital in California. If successful, we plan to roll out the service more broadly, which would increase the size of our total addressable market.

The Benefits of our Services

The core value of our service is relieving the medical note documentation burden placed on clinicians. According to Physician Compensation Report and National Physician Report, as of 2019, it is estimated that clinicians spend one-third of their day on non-revenue generating documentation activity. We leverage technology and services to address the core documentation challenges of clinicians. Our solution saves this time while improving clinical documentation and quality measures for reimbursement. We believe our solution leads to higher patient satisfaction, as clinicians can focus their entire attention on their patients instead of having to disrupt the natural flow of discourse in order to write, type or dictate the medical note themselves during the visit.

For a subset of our customers, we also provide other services such as care reminders, orders and referrals, which can enhance our value proposition. Care reminders are text notifications we provide physicians during their interactions with patients that point out areas that should be addressed by the physician with the patient during the visit. Our RDSs source the information behind such reminders from the patient’s EHR, which physicians sometimes do not have the time to review thoroughly prior to the patient visit. Examples of reminders include notifications of medication contraventions, or related symptoms from prior visits. While we currently provide such auxiliary services today on a case-by-case basis, our goal is to institutionalize these services into our core offerings across all customers.

Our value proposition is anchored on the time savings we generate for our users. We can save certain clinicians up to two to three hours per day in paperwork administration, depending on their patient volume. Our documentation solution can also increase productivity by up to 20% as well as increase certain clinicians satisfaction with work-life balance by 49%, according to internal management studies and customer satisfaction surveys. We have created a data driven approach with health systems to evaluate productivity and charting efficiency of all eligible providers. Understanding each individual clinician’s efficiency enables us to clearly identify their potential ROI and provide the health system with an accurate estimate of the expected ROI at the enterprise level.

Based upon results of a study we conducted of 136 physicians from one of our enterprise customers, our service would generate an estimated $3.13 million net revenue over a 12-month period for a cohort of 100 users made up of 67 primary care physicians and 33 specialists. We believe the economic benefit of a high ROI, coupled with increased clinician’s satisfaction and the inherent tight integration into the clinician’s workflow, are the primary drivers behind our high net revenue retention rate, which stood at 113% as of September 30, 2020.

What Sets Us Apart

Since we developed our concept of remote, real time medical note documentation, several companies have entered the field. To varying degrees, each offers a solution that addresses the documentation burden faced by physicians. We believe that our service is distinct from these other providers because our solution addresses every aspect of the documentation burden placed upon clinicians.

At its core, our service is predicated upon four foundational elements, each of which is critical in relieving a clinician’s documentation burden. We believe we are the only service among our peers to offer all four.

We leverage the ambient conversation between physician and patient as the input source for the medical notes we produce. This results in the greatest time savings for physicians, as they do not have to expend time on extraneous functions to transmit the information to the RDS. It also results in higher patient satisfaction since physicians are not required to alter their natural interaction with their patients.

Furnishing doctors with mobile devices through which they access our service provides them with freedom of movement, which is essential as they see patients in several exam rooms and as they communicate with their RDS while they travel between exam rooms and their office. And as physicians have had to embrace telehealth during the COVID-19 crisis, having a mobile device enables them to connect to the service from the safety of their home.

Our RDSs are remotely-located. As a result, our services are less intrusive than an in-person documentation specialist and allow for a more comfortable environment for patients. The remote nature of our services also allows us to recruit from a large and geographically diverse base of candidates. The vast majority of our RDSs are currently located in South Asia. Importantly, we have not been impacted by the restrictions placed on in-person documentation specialists by many healthcare organizations.

Finally, our premium Augmedix Live service is real time. Real time offers significant benefits to physicians as it allows them the peace of mind that their documentation is completed when they are done with a patient visit, thus eliminating the need to recall what occurred during the typical 15-30 patient visits they service each day. More importantly, it allows for real time interactivity between the physician and RDS. This is critical in addressing any ambiguities in the information observed by the RDS and results in a higher quality medical note. Further, it enables us to deliver valuable clinical support services that our customers are increasingly demanding, such as care reminders, order processing and referrals. Delivery of such additional services increases our utility to our customers.

Our Services and Business Model

We provide two primary subscription services, each of which feature best-in-class medical note documentation. Our RDSs are trained experts who use our proprietary software to deliver to the EHR timely and clinically accurate medical notes.

Our Competition

We compete on the basis of price, quality of service offered, breadth of services and uniqueness of service. We believe our competitors fall into three broad categories.

Our Growth Strategy

There are over 1.1 million physicians in the U.S., of which 69% work for, or are affiliated with, a health system. Our current customer accounts, together, employ directly, or have affiliations with, a total of 212,000 physicians, of which we currently serve less than 1%. Our growth strategy is focused on four areas:

Our Technology Platform

Our Technology Strategy

Our technology strategy is focused on providing tools to RDSs to render our medical note documentation service efficiently. The technology that we provide to clinicians is familiar and simple to operate. Clinicians are provided a single purpose mobile device with a simple-to-use application for ease of onboarding. Each component of our technology platform – from the streaming data channel, to its visual and audio presentation within the RDS cockpit, to the software used by the RDS’ to create the note – are designed to comply with HIPAA standards pertaining to data security.

Our platform is remote and mobile thus, is suited to support both in person and telemedicine visits. The devices that we provide to clinicians can be used to capture telemedicine visits regardless of the telehealth platform used by the clinician. We render a seamless service experience as the clinician moves from telephone calls, to video calls, to in person visits. Our devices follow the clinician ensuring that the connection between clinician and RDS remains intact during the clinician’s entire shift. Additionally, we have development in progress to integrate our platform with certain telehealth platforms to further facilitate the experience for both our RDSs and our customers.

Platform Overview

Our technology platform consists of three primary components.

Clinician Devices and Doc App

We provide multiple third-party device options for clinicians, each of which is configured with a proprietary Doc App. We offer a standalone Smartphone Doc App that runs on a Smartphone with an Android operating system. The Doc App provides real time streaming and instant messaging so that the RDS can communicate in real time with the clinician. We also offer a standalone Android Doc App that runs on Google Glass which also provides real time streaming and instant messaging functionality. Our system also features a third Doc App for our non-real-time service, Augmedix Notes. All versions of our Doc App contain features for connecting, communicating, and streaming audio and video to the server. All Android devices in production are locked-down to ensure the security and integrity of the device.

RDS Cockpit

The RDS Cockpit is a web application that RDSs use for their day to day activities. The RDS views the live audio/video stream from the clinician’s device and uses tools within this application to document the patient visit. The RDS can direct-message clarifying questions to the clinician during the shift. All stored data is encrypted with AES-256 bit encryption at rest and in transit. Storage is necessary for note preparation, note completion and quality assurance. RDSs use Notebuilder and third-party speech to text tools to create the medical note.

“Intelligence Amplification” through Notebuilder

We use Intelligence Amplification, a combination of software and human intervention to facilitate and automate the medical note creation process. Our Notebuilder is patent pending proprietary software that leverages structured data to facilitate medical note creation by the RDS. According to our internal studies, the Notebuilder tool allows the RDS to complete the medical note up to 50% faster than manual transcription using free text. We continue to improve the Notebuilder and other documentation tools with the aspiration of transforming the RDSs role from that of content creator to content editor.

The Notebuilder user interface comprises two sections: a canvas section for the note output and a build section that displays options which the RDS selects to document relevant patient medical information. The menu of options within the build section are curated based upon the patient demographic, medical specialty, visit type and nature of complaint(s). The RDS makes selections related to the conditions reported, timing, frequency and context, of symptoms as well as current medications and treatments, if applicable. As the RDS completes the build section, additional relevant blocks are displayed to assist the RDS in making selections to populate the four core sections of the Medical Note: (i) History of Present Illness, (ii) Review of Systems, (iii) Physical Exam and (iv) Assessment and Plan. Selection options are dynamically filtered as the RDS completes the build section such that most relevant selections for items such as medications, tests, imaging, procedures, diagnoses and treatments are displayed based upon earlier entries. As options are selected by the RDS, the Notebuilder automatically generates medically correct natural language sentences summarizing the information selected. These natural language sentences are then displayed in the canvas portion of the Notebuilder tool for final review, editing and transfer to the patient chart in the EHR.

The Notebuilder allows for customizations based upon specialty, clinic or clinician preferences. Specific clinician preference templates can be saved within the tool and used by the RDS as needed. The Notebuilder provides the RDS with a wealth of medical data to facilitate note creation such as a medication database with dosages, frequency and related side effects, relevant diagnoses and treatment options.

Builder Manager is the patent pending application that manages the Notebuilder front-end interface. The Builder Manager is a web application that allows RDS experts to configure the Notebuilder by populating the data library, sentence recipes and inter-dependent filtering logic displayed in the Notebuilder based upon specialties and conditions. Some of the data sets are custom built by our experts and other data sets are leveraged from publicly available external sources All data sets used for the Notebuilder are managed within the Builder Manager. The RDS expert builds or edits the sentence recipes by selecting various components for the sentence recipe and defining the order of components, consisting of words and phrases. When one or more sentence recipes are fully configured, the Builder Manager deploys instructions that determine available selection options to display in the Notebuilder and resulting natural language sentences are generated based upon selections made by the RDS. The notes are first stored in the browser’s memory. An automated scheduler then pulls the notes and pushes them to the backend database.

The Notebuilder and Builder Manager tools were initially released in early 2020 and are expected to be rolled out to all RDSs in the second half of 2020.

Speech-to-Text

When a clinician wants exact words entered as a part of the Assessment and Plan section of the medical note, dictation is commonly utilized. We partner with companies providing HIPAA compliant speech-to-text solutions. These are integrated into the RDS Cockpit to facilitate the RDS’ ability to efficiently edit and insert dictations into the medical note. This feature uses a machine learning tool to automatically transcribe speech to text. According to an internal study, dictated words represent an average of 5-10% of a typical medical note. Leveraging a speech-to-text transcription tool improves both the accuracy and time to complete these portions of the note.

Our solution is hosted within an existing Amazon Web Services Virtual Private Cloud, and leverages a HIPAA-compliant 3^rd party tool, which transcribes the audio and returns an encrypted text file. All calls between the cloud and the 3^rd party tools are fully encrypted to meet HIPAA standards both at rest and in transit.

Platform Architecture

We use state of the art, HIPAA-compliant cloud infrastructure to host all of our production applications, web services, data-channels, audio-video streaming platforms, databases, and data processing servers for AI/ML. We use a WebRTC platform that employs powerful Android and JavaScript webRTC SDKs to deliver highly secure audio and video to our customers.

Audio Visual Streaming Service

Our platform is hosted inside HIPAA-compliant third-party cloud infrastructure. Communication to and from our platform is encrypted end-to-end and aligned with HIPAA regulations. Each streaming server is load balanced and has redundant capacity to ensure 100% fault tolerance. We provide periodic updates to the platform. Each streaming server is a secured EC2 instance, hosting dockerized containers for streaming servers (Janus MCU, TURN), proxy and load balancer. If applicable, clinician-patient conversation audio files are stored in HIPAA- compliant disk/block storage attached to the EC2 instances and at the end of day uploaded to Amazon Web Services S3 blob storage.

Security

DTLS-SRTP is used to ensure end-to-end security. Audio-video data is encrypted with AES 128 bit encryption. AES 128 key exchange happens over ECDHE_ECDSA with P-256 curve during DTLS handshake. Signaling happens over HTTPS/TLS 1.2 channel using RSA 2048 bit encryption.

Data Channel

A dedicated data channel is required to cover critical communication between the RDSs and clinicians. The channel is such that the conversation between the clinician and the RDS happens in a “room.” Each of the rooms work like a typical chat room with each shift comprising a session. The conversations usually include typical routine IMs, signals, switches to activate, deactivate or change state of certain components running in our Doc App and RDS Portal. The RDS Portal and Doc App both interact with the data channel over a secure network. The data channel consists of multiple nodes behind a Network Load Balancer (“NLB”) to ensure horizontal scalability and fault tolerance. Each of the nodes provides a full-duplex secure WebSocket connection to maintain a persistent connection with clients and uses Redis pub/sub mechanism to load balance users among different nodes.

Password protected Amazon Web Services ElastiCache is used as a Redis server that provides HIPAAcompliant in-transit and data-at-rest encryption. There are also redundant Redis nodes to ensure fault tolerance.

Data

All web applications and our Doc App web services store data inside HIPAA-compliant MySQL databases. The databases store administrative information relating to clinicians and RDSs. We temporarily store audio and text data on the HIPAA compliant servers to accommodate operational processes including training, quality assurance and production work. We store certain data for longer terms and maintain a database of de-identified data to train our AI models. We also maintain a database of meta-data based on Notebuilder selections. Such data is used to improve our products and provide enhanced services to our customers.

Scalability and Uptime

Our streaming servers with redundant capacity are placed in different availability zones to ensure fault tolerance. All the servers are located in the U.S. All requests to streaming endpoints are load balanced and served in a round-robin approach. Using the proprietary Augmedix OTA portal, we can selectively push Android OS updates to specific devices. We use enterprise level device management software to maintain and manage its Phone devices. New features, improvements, bug fixes made to our RDS Cockpit applications, can be released separately/independently to production servers through a planned and well documented process.

Our Operations

Our Remote Documentations Specialists (“RDS”)

Our services are rendered by highly trained RDSs, who use our technology tools to deliver clinically accurate and comprehensive notes into the customer’s EHR system. Our RDSs observe clinician-patient interactions through audio and video feeds, extract the relevant details of the visit, and document the medical note for clinician review and approval. The medical note contains information vital to on-going patient care and billing and is securely stored in the patient’s unique chart in the EHR. RDSs use dedicated, secure terminals to access the RDS Cockpit which includes the Notebuilder and other tools to view the visit and create the medical note. The task of observing a doctor-patient interaction, extracting the relevant aspects of the conversation and then recording them in a structured medical note is difficult and requires a significant amount of skill and training.

Our RDSs are well educated, most at the university level and many are recruited straight out of university. Many have Biology majors, but we also recruit from various other disciplines. We also recruit from a large, established pool of medical transcriptionists in India. The RDS position can be a very attractive alternative to medical transcription as that industry is contracting due to advancements in speech-to-text technology. The work performed by our RDSs is dynamic and substantially more complex than transcription as it requires considerable cognitive ability and understanding of nuanced physician-patient interactions while transcription is a verbatim rendition of recorded audio.

All of our RDSs must pass our mandatory intensive training program prior to working with our clinicians. Our proprietary training modules are trainer-led and include medical visit basics, visit videos, medical documentation standards and requirements, and practice sessions using Notebuilder and other tools. The training program for new RDSs takes approximately three months to complete and includes strict testing and grade achievement standards. We also provide specialty training for eight specialties: Primary Care, Orthopedics, Oncology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cardiology and Hospitalists. We support many specialties in clinic and in hospital settings and are continuing to build our specialty training library.

Our Live service is provided during the clinician’s shift. Our RDSs serve as an extension of the care team and are assigned to clinicians based on specialty. Typically, one RDS will accompany a clinician for the duration of that clinician’s shift, though on occasion a clinician may have multiple RDSs accompanying her or him on a shift. Currently, our RDSs require more time than his/her assigned clinician to complete a shift’s worth of medical notes. Our internal studies indicate that the Notebuilder and other tools can reduce note completion time by up to 50%.

Our Notes service takes place after the patient visit. Clinician-patient interactions are recorded for playback by our RDS. Completed notes based on that recording are delivered before the clinician resumes his/her next shift. The task of creating a medical note from a recording is less challenging than doing so in real time. Moreover, and in particular with the benefit of our Notebuilder, an RDS is able to handle the notes for more than one clinician during his/her shift.

Our Operation Centers

We provide service from 9 RDS Operations Centers across four countries – the US, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The 7 operations centers in India (6) and Sri Lanka (1) are owned and operated by five independent third parties (the “Vendors”), while the two centers in the US and Bangladesh are wholly-owned and operated by us. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, most of our worldwide RDSs are currently working from home in compliance with local shelter in place rules.

Our strategy is to diversify geographical risk by operating out of several operating centers located in various cities throughout Asia, with a smaller operation within the US. The US operation accounts for a small fraction of our global RDS workforce and we expect it to remain below 10% of the global total for the foreseeable future. Our Bangladesh operation is our fastest growing center. It currently serves about 22% of our customers. Our goal is to reach approximately 30% by mid-2022. This is to enable greater control over a larger percentage of our operations and to mitigate concentration risk among existing Vendors.

All Vendors are currently paid based upon an hourly rate and the number of assigned contracted clinician hours. This payment arrangement represents a substantial change from the previous model that operated through the first half of 2020 wherein Vendors included additional flat fees for each RDS passing our training and certification requirements. Under the current arrangement, effective for all Vendors by July 2020, the hourly rate paid to each Vendor incorporates the amortized cost of training and certifications.

Our Bangladeshi RDSs, all of whom are employees, are paid a fixed monthly salary. In addition to RDSs, our Bangladesh offices include engineering, customer support, human resources, Global IT, compliance, finance and accounting and general management, among other personnel. All our Bangladesh-based employees receive complimentary benefits such as healthcare, meals, private transportation to their homes after their shifts, among others. We believe the compensation we provide our Bangladeshi employees is competitive in the local market for US-based employers.

Our Customers

Our customers are diverse in size, geography, and specialty. Our clients include some of the largest health systems and specialty groups in the U.S., including Sutter Health, Dignity Health, US Oncology, TriHealth, Northern Light, Summit Pacific and UCSF, among others. Of these, Sutter Health and Dignity Health accounted for 26% and 17%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and 29% and 19%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020. Approximately 85-90% of the physicians we serve are members of health systems, while the remaining 10-15% are from small independent practices. We have a relatively high concentration of physicians served among our enterprise customers, with one client accounting for 28% while the remaining physicians served are spread across 13 other health systems. We have customers in 28 different states, the largest concentration being in California. Within our customer base, we currently serve 39 specialties, the largest of which is family practice at 28% of total physicians served. Our systems are compatible with 19 different EHRs. The top three account for 75% of all our physicians served, with Epic at 45%, Cerner at 24% and Allscripts at 6%.

Areas of expansion within our existing enterprise customers include deeper penetration of the locations in which we already serve physicians, coverage of new specialties, and entering new care locations. We define success with our clients with respect to two key criteria, increased productivity and physician satisfaction. With clients that follow our best practices framework and share data with us, we focus on time savings and productivity increases, the latter measured in work Relative Value Units (“wRVU”), per individual physician. wRVUs reflect the time, technical skill and effort, mental effort and judgment, and stress to provide a given medical service. The number of wRVUs a provider generates ties directly to reimbursement rates in most payment models. Relative Value Units generally rank the resources (including physician’s work, expenses of the physician’s practice, and professional liability insurance) used to provide a particular medical service based upon that service’s Current Procedural Terminology (“CPT”) code or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (“HCPCS”) code. To determine the level of reimbursement from a payor (typically an insurance company such as Blue Cross or Aetna) for a given service, a service’s RVUs are multiplied by a dollar conversion factor. Conversion factors and fee schedules are established by the Medical Group Management Association (“MGMA”) and CSA Group, independent testing and standards bodies serving the US healthcare industry.

The primary drivers of the physician work portion of RVU, or wRVU, are patient volume, the appropriate and completeness of the documentation describing the services rendered during the patient visit and the efficiency with which such services were performed. The aggregate increase in wRVU production across their physician base drives the health system’s overall financial performance and the ROI potential of our service for our customers.

Some examples of the value our users see is captured in the following case studies:

Case Study #1: Dr. Seneca Dewar, Dignity Health

Highlights:

Before Augmedix:

Looking to devote more time to patient care

Dr. Seneca Dewar is a primary care physician who was overwhelmed with mandated EHR documentation and spent most of his weekends on data entry. He was typically spending over 20 hours per week completing his patient notes and was increasingly burdened by the documentation.

After Augmedix:

Lower workload and more time with patients

Since Dr. Dewar started working with Augmedix, he finishes his patient notes by the end of every day and dedicates an additional four hours to his clinic time each week. He no longer works after hours and is able to spend his reclaimed time with his family. Overall, he has enjoyed his experience on the Augmedix platform and values working with his tech-enabled documentation team.

Case Study #2: Heather Dountas PA, C

Highlights:

Before Augmedix:

Overtaxed, under-documented

There were never enough hours in the day for Heather, a busy PA-C in Primary Care. In the midst of a full patient schedule, she was often forced to choose between completing thorough documentation, sending orders, and reconciling medication lists. Heather found herself regularly taking home 2-3 hours of incomplete paperwork per day.

After Augmedix:

Productivity increased, balance restored

Since starting with Augmedix, Heather is doing what she once thought impossible: seeing more patients, spending less time on documentation, and providing higher quality care, all while being fully present with her patients. She leaves work on time with the day’s notes completed, ready to enjoy her reclaimed time with her family.

Governmental Regulation

The healthcare industry in which we operate is highly regulated, and the services we provide are subject to a complex set of healthcare laws and regulations. We and our customers must comply with a variety of requirements, including among others, HIPAA, HITECH, regulations issued by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, a number of fraud and abuse laws, such as the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the False Claims Act, and comparable state laws. We have structured our operations to comply with these laws and other regulatory and contractual requirements.

HIPAA and HITECH Act

HIPAA establishes a set of national privacy and security standards for protecting the privacy, confidentiality and security of protected health information (“PHI”). Under HIPAA, health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and healthcare providers, together referred to as “covered entities” for purposes of HIPAA, and their “business associates” must meet certain standards in order to protect individually identifiable health information. HITECH enhances and strengthens the HIPAA privacy and security standards and makes certain provisions of HIPAA directly applicable to business associates of covered entities.

In connection with our business operations, we access, use and disclose PHI on behalf of our covered entity clients, and therefore, are considered to be a business associate of our customers and subject to HIPAA, and its implementing regulations. As a business associate, we are required to have agreements with our covered entity clients whereby we agree to appropriately safeguard the PHI we create or receive on their behalf and to abide by statutory and other regulatory obligations under HIPAA. These obligations include, but are not limited to, the responsibility to (i) maintain physical, technical and administrative safeguards that reasonably and appropriately protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of PHI, (ii) report security incidents and other inappropriate uses or disclosures of PHI, including to individuals and governmental authorities, and (iii) assist covered entities from which we obtain health information with certain duties under HIPAA.

HIPAA and HITECH impose numerous requirements on our business operations, and subject us to material liability and other adverse impacts to our business in the event we fail to comply with their requirements. These include, without limitation, civil fines, possible criminal sanctions in certain circumstances, contractual liability to our customers, and damage to our brand and reputation. We have implemented appropriate safeguards to address the privacy and security of PHI consistent with our regulatory and contractual requirements. We also train our personnel regarding HIPAA and other related requirements. We have made and continue to make investments in systems to support customer operations that are regulated by HIPAA and other regulations. Because these standards are subject to interpretation and change, we cannot predict the future impact of HIPAA or other regulations on our business and operations. To comply with our regulatory and contractual obligations, we may have to adjust our policies and practices and invest in new technologies.

Federal Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act

We may also be subject to various federal laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry.

For example, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person from knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receiving or paying remuneration (a term interpreted broadly to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, discounts and credits), directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, an item or reimbursable, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Penalties for federal Anti-Kickback Statute violations can be severe, and include imprisonment, criminal fines, civil money penalties with triple damages (when the False Claims Act is implicated) and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. The Anti-Kickback Statute is subject to evolving interpretations.

In addition, the federal False Claims Act prohibits anyone from, among other things, knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to federal programs (including Medicare and Medicaid) claims for items or services that are false or fraudulent. Although we would not submit claims directly to payors, we could be held liable under the False Claims Act if we are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by, for example, including inaccurate information in draft medical notes for physicians, or if our documentation services are found to have caused clinicians to have inaccurately attested to “Meaningful Use” criteria.

Other Laws and Regulations

In addition to HIPAA and HITECH, numerous other state and federal laws govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to, confidentiality and security of individually identifiable health information. In many cases, state laws are not preempted by the HIPAA privacy and security standards and may impose more stringent standards, thus complicating compliance efforts. Similarly, state anti-kickback and false claims laws may apply to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any source, not only government programs.

We are also subject to the FCPA, which prohibits improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business and requires companies to maintain accurate books and records and a system of internal accounting controls. Safeguards we implement to discourage improper payments or offers of payments by our employees, consultants, and others may be ineffective, and violations of the FCPA and similar laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, any of which would likely harm our reputation, business, financial condition and result of operations.

Sales and Marketing

Currently, we predominantly rely upon a dedicated direct sales force and account management team to sell our solutions. The direct sales force is structured geographically and focuses on acquiring new health systems, large physician specialty practices and generating transactional sales with smaller practices and independent physicians. Our sales force mobilizes data to demonstrate a clear ROI for investing in our solution to potential customers. There is typically a 30-day implementation window from contract execution to first day of service to allow for provision of hardware, clinician workflow orientation, RDS assignment and receipt of EHR credentials.

Additional sales activity is driven by our account management team. The account management team is responsible for expansion within our existing client base. The team is structured by account segment: strategic enterprises, developing enterprises, and independents.

Our marketing efforts focus on lead generation, building market awareness and content support. Marketing drives market/brand awareness and inbound leads from both enterprises and independent physicians. Our team tracks the effectiveness of specific marketing campaigns to ensure their efficacy against our established cost-per-lead and customer acquisition cost targets. A variety of marketing approaches are leveraged including search engine optimization, paid search advertising, social media campaigns, social media advertising, and email marketing. We also focus on end-to-end marketing campaigns to drive leads and awareness, such as our recent Augmedix Notes launch.

Research & Development

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (“AI/ML”)

We are developing the ability to integrate AI/ML into Notebuilder to increase efficiency by automatically providing note suggestions to our RDSs. This requires training AI/ML models comparing de-identified transcripts of patient visits with their corresponding medical notes. We store audio and note records used in this process only if agreed to by the customer. We use automated speech-to-text tools, as edited by transcriptionists, to produce transcripts for the persisted audios of selected doctor/patient visits. We apply a de-identification process to the audio transcripts of the doctor/patient visits to remove protected health information (“PHI”). This is followed by an annotation process to assign labels to both the transcripts and corresponding notes. The labels that come from the annotation step are used to develop classification models. The final stage is to apply one of several Natural Language Generation methods to generate sentences. Our goal is to provide note suggestions which will be integrated into Notebuilder to further reduce the amount of human intervention needed to create a medical note. These models are currently in the development phase.

Streaming Technologies

In addition to continuously improving our streaming platform, we constantly evaluate third-party streaming solutions for low latency, high fidelity. The goal is to improve the reliability and scalability of the Platform while reducing costs.

Devices for Providers

We continue to explore alternate hardware devices that can be used by clinicians. In addition to ease of use, improved audio quality, better connectivity and faster battery charge rate are some of the attributes used in our evaluation process.

Electronic Health Records (“EHRs”)

An EHR is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. While an EHR does contain the medical and treatment histories of patients, an EHR system is built to go beyond standard clinical data collected in a provider’s office and can be inclusive of a broader view of a patient’s care. EHRs are a vital part of health IT and can:

Health information can be created and managed by authorized providers in a digital format capable of being shared with other providers across more than one healthcare organization. EHRs are built to share information with other healthcare providers and organizations – such as laboratories, specialists, medical imaging facilities, pharmacies, emergency facilities, and school and workplace clinics. EHR systems are selected by our customers either as independent physicians, clinics or health systems.

Currently, we do all of our note transfers manually. We are developing technology to integrate our software tools into the EHR systems used by our large enterprise customers. For our smaller customers we expect to continue to transfer notes to the EHR manually but as we scale within an enterprise health system, EHR integration improves note quality, reduces RDS downtime, and improves RDS scheduling.

Transferring notes to an EHR requires secure access to the customer’s EHR which they must authorize to receive the service. We support various types of virtual private network (“VPN”) access to an EHR, such as site-to-site VPN tunnels, VPN client software, and browser-based VPN plugins like Citrix.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property is an important aspect of our business, and we seek protection for our intellectual property as appropriate. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements, and confidentiality and invention assignment agreements, as well as other legal and contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights.

We have been building and continue to build our patent portfolio relating to our technology platform. As of August 31, 2020, our patent portfolio consists of three pending patent applications in the U.S. We regularly review our development efforts to assess the existence and patentability of new intellectual property.

In addition to patents, we may rely, in some circumstances, on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect our technology and processes, especially when we do not believe that patent protection is appropriate or can be obtained. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and contractors upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships.

We have filed for and obtained trademark protection in the U.S. for the AUGMEDIX word mark and AUGMEDIX CROSS logo for goods and services. We have also filed for trademark protection in India of the AUGMEDIX word mark for goods and services. We also have registered the domain name for our website, www.augmedix.com.

We intend to pursue additional intellectual property protection to the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, they may not be respected in the future or may be invalidated, circumvented, or challenged.

Corporate Information

The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware as Malo Holdings Corporation on December 27, 2018. On October 5, 2020, our wholly-owned subsidiary August Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation, merged with and into Augmedix, a Delaware corporation formed on April 30, 2013. Following the Merger, Augmedix was the surviving entity and became our wholly-owned subsidiary, and all of the outstanding shares of common and preferred stock of Augmedix were converted into shares of our common stock. The business of Augmedix became our business as a result of the Merger. Following the consummation of the Merger, Augmedix changed its name to Augmedix Operating Corporation, and we changed our name to “Augmedix, Inc.” by filing a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation.

Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. We intend to cause our common stock to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB tier as soon as practicable (and no later than 150 days) following the final closing date of the Offering.

Our principal executive offices are located at 1161 Mission Street Suite LL, San Francisco, CA 94103. Our telephone number is (888) 669-4885. Our website address is www.augmedix.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.

Employees

As of October 31, 2020, the Company had 91 full-time employees in the U.S., 3 in India and 350 in Bangladesh. None of our employees is represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters are located in San Francisco, California, where we lease approximately 8,577 square feet of office space under a lease agreement that expires in February 2021. We also lease 23,578 square feet of corporate office space in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and an additional 3,800 square feet of commercial space used for RDS training in an adjacent facility under a lease agreement which also expires in 2028.

We believe our facilities are suitable to meet our current needs. We intend to lease new office space in San Francisco when our corporate headquarters lease expires, and to expand our facilities or add additional facilities in Dhaka, as we expect to reach the capacity of the existing facilities sometime in 2021. We believe that suitable alternative and/or additional space will be available to accommodate our needs in both San Francisco and Dhaka.

Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, we may become involved in lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business.

Available Information

Our website address is www.augmedix.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports, when available, are filed with the SEC. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and file or furnish reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by us with the SEC will be available free of charge on our website at www.augmedix.com when such reports are available on the SEC’s website. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that issuers file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this prospectus. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

The medical note documentation burden in the U.S. is significant. It is a major contributor to doctor burnout, which according to a recent study in the Annals of Internal Medicine, costs the U.S. healthcare industry $4.6 billion from lost productivity and recruiting costs.

Healthcare practitioners in the U.S. often look to outsourced solutions to handle their documentation. There are various solutions that are marketed to clinicians (which include licensed physicians, nurse practitioners and physicians’ assistants, but not registered nurses). These range in scope from self-serve dictation tools to fully out-sourced medical note documentation solutions. We are a provider of a fully out-sourced medical note documentation solution that also provides supplemental clinical support to the U.S. healthcare industry.

Augmedix was incorporated in 2013 and launched its commercial real-time, remote documentation services in 2014. We provide software compatible with off-the-shelf, mobile client devices (smartphones or Google Glass) that enables clinicians to communicate with RDSs. Our RDSs observe the clinician-patient interaction, through an audio/video stream, and extract the relevant elements of that interaction to create the medical notes that are then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the EHR system. The EHR system is third-party software licensed by the healthcare clinic or system to manage patient charts.

Patient care in the U.S. is provided in ambulatory or clinical environments and hospitals. We focus most of our efforts in the ambulatory/clinical segment of the patient care market. Roughly 85-90% of the physicians who subscribe to our service are employed directly by, or are affiliated with, a healthcare enterprise. The remaining 10-15% consists of small practices and individual practitioners.

We have generated in excess of four million medical notes since we began offering our service and are currently delivering over 35,000 notes to our customers each week. We estimate that our solution saves doctors two to three hours each day which is time that they can redeploy to see more patients or improve their work-life balance. We believe the benefits to healthcare enterprises are increased productivity and higher clinician and patient satisfaction.

The current COVID-19 crisis and resulting safety protocols have prompted a significant shift towards delivering health services remotely via telemedicine. Our technology platform was designed to enable real time, two-way communication between remotely-located participants. As such, we were able to continue to provide uninterrupted service to our customers. In early April 2020, over 90% of the physicians we served conducted approximately 60% of their patient visits remotely. The number of clinicians practicing telemedicine stayed relatively constant from July to September, as did the proportion of their telemedicine visits, which were approximately 30% of patient visits. However, we believe telemedicine will remain an important part of health services delivery even after the end of the COVID-19 crisis.

The COVID-19 crisis has also required modifications to how we deliver our service. While our general business model is to provide RDS service from central operating centers, local shelter in place orders have required us to shift to work-from-home for all employees and contracted employees. We were able to transition to full work from home for all RDSs worldwide within a few days with very little service interruption. We will continue our work from home model until local conditions remove shelter in place orders and employees can safely work from our central operations centers. We instituted additional system controls to ensure compliance with our privacy practices.

Our technology vision is to automate as much of the medical note creation process as possible by applying an approach we refer to as “intelligence amplification”. While the unstructured nature of a conversation between physician and patient places inherent limitations on how much note creation can ultimately be automated, we believe automation, even if partial, could generate significant benefits including improved operating efficiencies, higher-quality medical notes and a more uniform level of note quality.

Our intelligence amplification approach toward achieving note automation is different than that being pursued by other participants in our industry. Our approach is based upon our belief that technicians will be a necessary part of the note creation process for a long time. We use widely available technology today to mine our data sets and help us build the models needed to enable automation. However, we use such technology to build tools that our RDSs can use to automate some of the principal tasks in the note creation process rather than attempt to build self-serve software designed for use directly by physicians.

Merger Agreement

On October 5, 2020, Malo Holdings Corporation, Acquisition Sub and Augmedix entered into a Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, Acquisition Sub merged with and into Augmedix, with Augmedix continuing as the surviving corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary.

As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Augmedix, a provider of remote medical documentation and live clinical support services with a mission to rehumanize the clinician-patient relationship so that doctors can focus on what they do best — patient care. See “Description of Business.” At the Effective Time, each of Augmedix’s shares of capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a) 0.420864013 shares of our common stock (the “Common Share Conversion Ratio”) (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $3.00 multiplied by the Common Share Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors and those with an entitlement to shares of Augmedix’s capital stock), with the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable to the former holders of Augmedix’s capital stock equal to 15,458,133 after adjustments due to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 2,833,333 shares of our common stock owned by the stockholders of Malo Holdings Corporation prior to the Merger were forfeited and cancelled (the “Stock Forfeiture”).

In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 10,011,161 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into options to purchase 4,213,153 shares of our common stock, (ii) stock appreciation rights to purchase 601,768 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under the Augmedix Plan were assumed and converted into stock appreciation rights to purchase 252,983 shares of our common stock (iii) warrants to purchase 6,576,565 shares of Augmedix’s 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 2,767,836 shares of our common stock, and (iv) warrants to purchase 13,273 shares of Augmedix’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed and converted into warrants to purchase 5,584 shares of our common stock

Private Placement Offering

Following the Effective Time of the Merger, we sold 8,472,186 shares of our common stock pursuant to an initial closing of a private placement offering for up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock at $3.00 per share. On November 13, 2020, we had a second and final closing of the private placement and sold 666,667 shares at $3.00.

COVID-19 Crisis Update

In light of the uncertain and rapidly evolving situation relating to the spread of the COVID-19 crisis and in compliance with ongoing shelter-in-place orders and other government executive orders directing that all non-essential businesses close their physical operations, we have taken measures intended to help minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to our employees, our customers and the communities in which we participate, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring all non-essential employees to work remotely, suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees, canceling, postponing or holding virtually our sponsored events and discouraging employee attendance at industry events and in-person work-related meetings. While we have a distributed workforce and our employees are accustomed to working remotely or working with other remote employees, our workforce is not fully remote. Our employees travel frequently to establish and maintain relationships with one another and with our customers, partners and investors. Further, most of our U.S.-based and internationally-based RDSs have shifted to remote working which may have an adverse impact on our business due to decreased morale among RDSs, increased strain on IT systems, increased difficulty in ensuring compliance with our data security and compliance policies, and increased difficulty in the training, development and recruitment of new RDSs. Our ability to service our customers with RDSs working remotely is contingent upon the consent of our customers, which some customers may not provide. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and guidance become available, temporarily suspending travel and doing business in-person could negatively impact our marketing efforts, our ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, our international expansion efforts, our ability to recruit employees across the organization and in sales and marketing, in particular, which could have longer term effects on our sales pipeline or create operational or other challenges as we adjust to a fully-remote workforce for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, any of which could harm our business. In addition, our management team has, and will likely continue, to spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 crisis and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce. The extent to which the COVID-19 crisis and our precautionary measures may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Key metrics

We regularly review the following key metrics to measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections, make strategic business decisions and assess working capital needs.

Average Clinicians in Service Headcount: We define a clinician in service as an individual doctor, nurse practitioner or other healthcare professional using our services. We average the month end number of clinicians in service for all months in the measurement period and the number of clinicians in service at the end of the month immediately preceding the measurement period. We believe growth in the average number of clinicians in service is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to penetrate the market and grow our business. Most of our customer contracts contain minimum service levels that range from a low of 70 hours per month to a high of 220 hours per month. Higher hours per month generally equate to higher revenue per clinician. The average number of clinicians in service stood at 462 and 379 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, 552 and 493 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 542 and 445 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Average Annual Revenue Per Clinician: Average revenue per clinician is determined as total revenue, excluding Data Services revenue, recognized during the period presented divided by the average number of clinicians in service during that same period. Using the number of clinicians in service at the end of each month, we derive an average number of clinicians in service for the periods presented. The average annual revenue per clinician will vary based upon minimum hours of service requested by clinicians, pricing, and our product mix. The average revenue per clinician increased to $30,000 in fiscal 2019 from $28,000 in fiscal 2018, was stable at $30,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 versus $30,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and decreased to $29,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $30,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to the impact of COVID-19 from March to June 2020.

Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate: We define a “Health Enterprise” as a company or network of doctors that has at least 50 clinicians currently employed or affiliated that could utilize our services. Dollar-based net revenue retention is determined as the revenue from Health Enterprises as of twelve months prior to such period end as compared to revenue from these same Health Enterprises as of the current period end, or current period revenue. Current period revenue includes any expansion or new products and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing twelve months but excludes revenue from new Health Enterprises in the current period. We believe growth in dollar-based net revenue retention is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to increase revenue across our existing customer base through expansion of users and products, as well as our ability to retain existing customers. Our annual dollar-based net revenue retention decreased to 135% in fiscal 2019 from 138% in fiscal 2018, decreased from 138% at the three months ended September 30, 2019 to 113% for the same period in 2020 and decreased from 134% at the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 122% for the same period in 2020, with the decrease predominately driven by the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Growth from existing clients has represented a majority of our total revenue growth.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues primarily consist of service fees we charge customers to subscribe to our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions. We generate subscription fees pursuant to cancellable contracts. Customer attrition, as it pertains to our Enterprise clients is infrequent. In fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, we did not lose any of our Health Enterprise clients. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of clinicians using our services, the minimum number of hours contracted per month, and the contracted monthly price. We typically invoice customers one to three months in advance for subscriptions to our services. For customers who use more than the minimum number of monthly hours, we have the ability to bill for the additional hours utilized at the contractual price. We also perform upfront implementation services such as ensuring adequate Wi-Fi capability of the clinician’s facilities, shipping devices and accessories to the clinician, testing, selecting and assigning RDSs, obtaining EHR credentials for the RDSs and clinician orientation. Revenues associated with implementation efforts are deferred until we go live with our service and then recognized ratably over the initial term of the contract.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues primarily consists of the cost of the RDSs, some of whom are employees of our Vendors and some of whom are our employees, their direct supervisors, and clinician and technical support. Cost of revenues also consists of infrastructure costs to operate our SaaS-based platform such as hosting fees and fees paid to various third-party partners for access to their technology, plus hardware depreciation and cost of shipping for the devices and accessories we provide to our clinicians.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit is calculated by subtracting our cost of revenues from revenues. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage of total revenues. Our gross profit may fluctuate from period to period as revenues fluctuate, and as a result of the mix of RDS centers from which service is provided, operational efficiencies in regards to the relationship between the number of RDSs and clinicians, product mix, and changes to our technology expenses and customer support.

Our gross profit varies by RDS center. We plan to focus on and grow the operations of the RDS centers with the best quality and highest gross margin. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure. We will also continue to invest in technology innovation, such as Notebuilder, to reduce the level of effort required by RDSs. We expect these optimization efforts and our investment in technology to expand the efficiency and capability of our platform, enabling us to improve our gross margin over time. The level and timing of investment in these areas, plus the mix of RDS centers, could affect our cost of revenues in the future.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs for operations management, finance, accounting, information technology, compliance, legal, and human resources personnel, and our business support team in Bangladesh. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as facilities, legal, accounting, and other professional fees, as well as other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to other departments. We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but we expect general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percent of revenues in the coming years.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs related to sales and marketing, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel-related expenses, and allocated overhead. Sales and marketing expenses also include costs for advertising and other marketing activities. Advertising is expensed as incurred. We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing efforts.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs for the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products and services and are generally expensed as incurred. These costs consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation for our development personnel. Research and development expenses also include direct RDS training costs, product management, third-party partner fees, and third-party consulting fees. We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but that as a percent of revenues, R&D expenses are expected to decrease.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net consists primarily of the interest incurred on our debt obligations and the noncash interest expense associated with the amortization of debt discounts and contingent beneficial conversion feature associated with certain convertible notes payable. Interest expense is offset by any interest income we earn on our cash balances held in our interest-bearing savings account.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists primarily of the change in the fair value of warrants and income derived from a technology and a data partnership agreement we entered into in 2018. Any upfront payments received were deferred and were recognized over the term of the agreement. The agreement was terminated in June 2019 and any deferred revenues were immediately recognized. Included in other income (expense) is the change in the fair value of the warrants to purchase shares of 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock which are classified as liabilities and subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date and also foreign currency gains and losses due to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the periods presented:

Comparison for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Revenues

Revenues increased $0.6 million to $4.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $3.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a 12% increase in the number of clinicians in service. The increase in clinicians in service was driven predominately by our existing Health Enterprises adding physicians. Dollar-based net recurring revenue retention was 113% in the three months ended September 30, 2020. Increases in revenue were also attributable to the addition of new Health Enterprises during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues increased $0.03 million to $2.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $2.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in RDS costs as clinicians in service continue to grow. These increases were offset by decreases in customer support and third-party hosting costs resulting from our operating efficiencies. As a result of operating efficiencies in our RDS operations and customer support, our gross margin was 44% during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to 36% during the three months ended September 30, 2019. During the first three months of 2020 we moved from paying our Vendors a fee for successfully training and producing a doctor ready RDS to all-in pricing, which includes both the training costs and cost of services in our monthly ongoing rates. This change improves our cash flow and aligns our interests with the Vendors, which we believe will produce better overall operating leverage long-term.

General and Administrative Expenses 

General and administrative expenses increased $0.7 million to $3.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.0 million increase in legal and professional fees as we prepared to become a public company. This increase was offset by a $0.3 million decrease in employee compensation expense for COVID-19 crisis related temporary reductions.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $0.1 million to $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable a $0.2 million decrease in compensation expense for COVID-19 crisis related temporary salary reductions offset by $0.1 million increase in advertising and related expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $0.9 million to $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $2.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.8 million reduction in our training efforts with new RDSs due to the COVID-19 crisis in March 2020 and $0.1 million in lower compensation expense for COVID-19 crisis related temporary reductions.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense decreased $1.1 million to $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a beneficial conversion feature expense on our convertible debt and one-time non-cash interest expense related to a debt amendment, both recorded in the third quarter of 2019 and that did not repeat in the third quarter of 2020.

 Other income (expense) decreased $0.6 million to $0.4 million of expense during the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $0.9 million of expense during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was due to a $0.3 million lower warrant liability revaluation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to a three months ended September 30, 2019 and due to a $0.2 million grant received in the three months ended September 30, 2020 from the Bangladesh government for our investments and expenditures in that country.

Comparison for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Revenues

Revenues increased $1.8 million to $11.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $10.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a 22% increase in the number of clinicians in service, partially offset by a lower ARPU due to Clinicians reducing their monthly minimum number of service levels during the height of the COVID-19 crisis. The increase in clinicians in service was driven predominately by our existing Health Enterprises adding physicians. Dollar-based net recurring revenue retention was 122% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Increases in revenue were also attributable to the addition of new Health Enterprises during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. These increases were partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in revenue attributable to the decline in the number of clinicians in service among our independent and small group customers. The overall number of customers among independent and small groups declined due to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on this segment and due to our focus on Health Enterprise clients.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues increased $0.3 million to $7.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $6.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in RDS costs as clinicians in service continue to grow. These increases were offset by a $0.3 million decrease in customer support and third-party hosting costs resulting from our operating efficiencies. As a result of operating efficiencies in our RDS operations and customer support, our gross margin was 40% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to 33% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the first nine months of 2020 we moved from paying our Vendors a fee for successfully training and producing a doctor ready RDS to all-in pricing, which includes both the training costs and cost of services in our monthly ongoing rates. This change improves our cash flow and aligns our interests with the Vendors, which we believe will produce better overall operating leverage long-term.

General and Administrative Expenses 

General and administrative expenses increased $0.2 million to $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $8.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.0 million increase in legal and professional fees as we prepared to become a public company and from a $0.3 million increase in employee compensation costs as a result of an increase in our executive headcount. These increases were largely offset by a $1.0 million decline in employee compensation expense for COVID-19 crisis related temporary reductions in salary.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $0.3 million to $2.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable an increase of $0.6 million in employee compensation as a result of an increase in our sales professional headcount and related commissions and an increase in advertising spend. These increases were offset by a $0.1 million decrease in customer onboarding costs resulting from operational efficiencies and a $0.2 million decrease in customer account management compensation due to the COVID-19 crisis related temporary reductions.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $1.7 million to $3.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $5.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $1.6 million reduction in our training expenses for new RDSs due to both the COVID-19 crisis in March 2020 reducing our need to train new RDSs and due to our new contract terms with our vendors in how we pay for their training efforts.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense decreased $1.2 million to $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $2.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a beneficial conversion feature expense on our convertible debt and one-time non-cash interest expense related to a debt amendment, both recorded in the third quarter of 2019.

 Other income (expense) decreased $0.8 million to $0.5 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $0.3 million of income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to $1.0 million of income related to a partnership arrangement that ended on June 30, 2019 at which time which we immediately recognized all remaining deferred revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 we received a $0.2 million grant from the Bangladesh government for our investments and expenditures in that country.

Comparison for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Revenues

Revenues increased $3.3 million to $14.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $10.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenues from subscription services increased $2.9 million and was primarily attributable to the 22% increase in the average Clinicians in Service. We also had a $0.3 million increase in revenue associated with implementations as a result of more clinicians going live in 2019 versus 2018 and due to a higher average implementation fee per new clinician. Dollar-based Net Revenue Retention was 135% during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues decreased $0.6 million to $9.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $10.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable a $0.3 million decrease in customer support costs resulting from our operating efficiencies and $0.6 million decrease in connection with excess hardware in fiscal 2018. These decreases were offset by $0.3 million in increases attributable to our RDS centers as our Clinicians in Service continue to grow and the related third-party hosting costs we incurred. Average cost per RDS declined, driven by our shift from US-based RDSs to offshore. As a result of these operating efficiencies, our gross margin was 33% during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to 7% during the year ended December 31, 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $2.3 million to $10.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $13.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable a $2.7 million decrease in OPS management driven by the restructuring of our RDS delivery from internal U.S. operations to overseas vendors and operations, reducing the number of our U.S. based RDSs. Due to this change, we significantly reduced headcount in operations management by $1.0 million and training costs for U.S. RDSs by $0.8 million. Non-U.S. training costs declined by $0.8 million as we no longer provided U.S. trainers to our overseas Vendors and operations.

 Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses remained stable at $3.6 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We had $0.1 million increases in sales commissions earned by our salesforce offset by $0.1 million decrease in customer account management support costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses remained stable at $7.0 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Other Income (Expense)

Our interest expense increased $0.7 million to $2.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to $0.8 million of comparative interest expense due to recognizing a contingent beneficial conversion feature during 2019. Other income increased to $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to a partnership arrangement that ended on September 30, 2019 to which we immediately recognized remaining deferred revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash raised from private sales of preferred stock and cash from borrowings under various facilities, which are further described below. As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we had cash and restricted cash of $3.4 million and $11.6 million, respectively. Our $3.4 million and $11.6 million of cash each includes $2.0 million of restricted cash as a requirement in connection with our debt arrangements. Since Augmedix’s inception in 2013 until today, we have financed our operations primarily through the private sale of over $110 million of preferred stock and from various debt arrangements. As described in Footnote 1 of our audited financial statements and unaudited interim financial statements, we have incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and have an accumulated deficit at September 30, 2020 of $80.1 million. We have relied on debt and equity financing to fund operations to date and we expect losses and negative cash flows to continue, primarily as a result of continued research, development and marketing efforts. We raised $27.4 million of gross proceeds through two closings on October 5, 2020 and November 13, 2020. This additional capital will provide sufficient resources to meet working capital needs into at least the first quarter of 2022. Over the longer term, if we do not generate sufficient revenue from new and existing products, additional debt or equity financing may be required along with a reduction in expenditures. Additionally, there is no assurance if we require additional future financing that such financing will be available on terms, which are acceptable to us, or at all.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was $10.3 million and $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 principally resulted from our net loss of $11.8 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.0 million, and negative changes in working capital of $0.5 million. Cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 principally resulted from our net loss of $14.8 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.9, million and positive changes in working capital of $1.7 million.

Cash used in operating activities was $14.6 million and $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 principally resulted from our net loss of $18.5 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.6 million, and negative changes in working capital of $1.2 million. Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 principally resulted from our net loss of $24.2 million, which includes non-cash charges of $2.3 million, and negative changes in working capital of $2.0 million.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.8 and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash used in investing activities resulted from capital expenditures of property and equipment for all periods presented.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $2.6 million and $16.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 principally resulted from $2.2 million in debt proceeds and $0.5 million in proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock. Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 principally resulted from the $18.0 million in proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock offset by payments of principal in connection with our debt obligations of $1.4 million.

Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 of $17.2 million principally resulted from proceeds from the sale of our 2019 convertible preferred stock and the issuance of our convertible promissory notes of $15.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, less $1.4 million in payments of principal on our notes payable.

Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 of $22.1 million principally resulted from proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock and the issuance of our convertible promissory notes of $20.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively, less $1.3 million in payments of principal on our notes payable.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019:

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates and judgments involve the identification of performance obligations in revenue recognition and valuation of our warrant liability and stock-based compensation, including the underlying deemed estimated fair value of our preferred and common stock. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected.

On January 1, 2018, we early adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or Topic 606. Topic 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, references to Topic 606 used herein refer to both Topic 606 and Subtopic 340-40. We adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method and elected to apply the standard only to contracts that were not completed as of the date of adoption. Upon adoption of ASC 606 there was no adjustment necessary to opening accumulated deficit balance.

 We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue from contracts with clients by applying the requirements of Topic 606, which includes the following steps:

Revenues are recognized when services are delivered to our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. For our Live service revenue recognized is based on the minimum amount per month, plus any additional hours delivered. For our Notes service, revenue recognized is based on the number of meeting notes, i.e. doctor patient visits, per month, and the contracted price per meeting note.

We generate subscription fees for access to our remote medical documentation and clinical support solutions for telemedicine, medical offices, clinics and hospitals. Our clients are typically billed monthly or quarterly in advance. Subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Implementation revenue is recognized over the initial term of the contract. We recognize revenue from data services contracts based on hours worked.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards issued as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. To date, we have not issued awards where vesting is subject to performance or market conditions. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the time of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of inputs and assumptions such as the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price of the option, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility and dividend yield, the most critical of which is the estimated fair value of our common stock.

The estimated fair value of each grant of stock options awarded during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were determined using the following methods and assumptions:

The inputs and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different inputs and assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards.

In valuing our common and preferred stock, our board of directors determined the equity value of our business by taking a combination of the income and market approaches.

The income approach estimates the fair value of a company based on the present value of its future estimated cash flows and the residual value of the company beyond the forecast period. These future values are discounted to their present values using a discount rate which is derived from an analysis of the cost of capital of comparable publicly-traded companies in the same industry or similar lines of business as of each valuation date and is adjusted to reflect the risks inherent in us achieving these estimated cash flows. For the market approach, we utilized the guideline company method by analyzing a population of comparable companies and selected those technology companies that we considered to be the most comparable to us in terms of product offerings, revenue, margins and growth. We then used these guideline companies to develop relevant market multiples and ratios, which are then applied to our corresponding financial metrics to estimate our equity value.

The enterprise values determined by the income and market approaches were then allocated to our common stock using the Option Pricing Method, or OPM.

The OPM treats common stock and preferred stock as call options on a company’s enterprise value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences of the preferred stock. Therefore, the common stock has value only if the funds available for distribution to the stockholders exceed the value of the liquidation preference at the time of an assumed liquidity event such as a merger, sale or initial public offering. The common stock is modeled as a call option with a claim on the enterprise at an exercise price equal to the remaining value immediately after the preferred stock is liquidated. The OPM uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the price of the call option. The OPM is appropriate to use when the range of possible future outcomes is so difficult to predict that forecasts would be highly speculative.

Given the absence of a public trading market for our capital stock, our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered a number of subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of our common stock, including:

Once our common stock is expected to be quoted on the OTC Markets QB following the completion of this Offering, it will not be necessary to use estimates to determine the fair value of the common stock. In addition, as all of our preferred stock with be converted into common stock, we will no longer need to estimate the fair value of preferred stock.

Warrant Liability

Warrants to purchase shares of our convertible preferred stock are classified as warrant liability on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value. This warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date (based upon an independent valuation) and we recognize any change in fair value in other income and expense within our consolidated statements of operations as a change in fair value of the warrant liability. We will continue to adjust the carrying value of the warrants for changes in the estimated fair value until such time as these instruments are exercised, expire, reclassified to equity or otherwise settled. At that time, the liabilities will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital, a component of stockholders’ deficit.

The significant inputs which we use to estimate our warrant liability include the expected volatility and the estimated fair value of the underlying shares of preferred stock. Because we do not have sufficient history to estimate the expected volatility of our stock price, expected volatility is based on the average volatility of peer public entities that are similar in size and industry. We use the term of the warrants as the expected term. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve equal to the expected term of the warrant as of the measurement date.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. We have elected to early adopt certain new accounting standards, as described in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 to our audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations both within the U.S. and in Bangladesh, plus Vendors in India and Sri Lanka, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate and foreign exchange risks.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash and restricted cash consist of cash on deposit. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy in order to ensure that we continue to meet our overall objectives.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have foreign currency risks related to some of our expenses denominated in Indian Rupees and the Bangladesh Taka, which are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, compared to all of our revenue which is denominated in U.S. dollars. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statements of operations. We have not engaged in foreign currency hedging transactions to minimize those fluctuations. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements.

Management

The following table provides information regarding our executive officers and directors as of November 30, 2020:

Executive Officers

Emmanuel Krakaris has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and as a member of our board of directors since October 2018. Before Mr. Krakaris was appointed as our President, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, Mr. Krakaris served as an advisor to the board of directors from April 2018 to May 2018 and as our Chief Operating Officer from June 2018 to September 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Krakaris served as the Chief Executive Officer of Streetline, Inc. from August 2014 to February 2018 and as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer from 2011 to August 2014. Mr. Krakaris also served as Chief Financial Officer of Command Audio Corporation from 1996 to 2011. Mr. Krakaris received a Bachelor of Commerce in Marketing and International Business from McGill University, and a M.B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business. We believe that Mr. Krakaris is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his extensive business experience as an executive officer and experience across a broad range of industries.

Ian Shakil is our founder and has been a member of our board of directors since April 2013. He previously served as Chairman of our board of directors from August 2018 to September 2020 and has served as our Chief Strategy Officer since October 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Shakil served as our Chief Executive Officer from April 2013 to October 2018. Mr. Shakil has also served as Advisor to Edwards Lifesciences Corporation since May 2019, and as Advisor to Maya.com.bd since January 2018. Mr. Shakil has a B.S.E. in Biomedical Engineering from Duke University, and an M.B.A. from Stanford University Graduate School of Business. We believe that Mr. Shakil is qualified to serve on our board of directors because he is our founder and former Chief Executive Officer and his business and technical experience in the healthcare industry.

Sandra Breber has served as our Chief Operating Officer since March 2019, and prior to that served as an advisor to the Company from November 2018 to March 2019. Prior to joining us, Ms. Breber served as advisor to Snipp Interactive, Inc. from November 2018 to March 2019. Ms. Breber also served as President and Co-founder of Ziploop, Inc., from April 2013 to November 2018. Earlier in her career, Ms. Breber served as a Partner at Arthur Andersen L.L.P. Ms. Breber holds a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting and Finance from McGill University.

Saurav Chatterjee has served as our Chief Technology Officer since November 2020. Prior to joining us, Mr. Chatterjee served as the Vice President of Engineering at Lumiata, Inc., from November 2019 to November 2020. Mr. Chatterjee also served as the Senior Director and Head Conversational AI at Asurion, Inc., from May 2014 to October 2019. Mr. Chatterjee holds a B.A in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and a PhD in Computer Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University.

Jonathan Hawkins has served as our Chief Revenue Officer since April 2019. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hawkins was Senior Vice President of Business Development, Sales and Marketing for Spry Health, Inc., a healthcare data analytics provider that identifies early signs of clinical deterioration in chronically-ill patients, from October 2017 to April 2019. Mr. Hawkins was also a Founding Investor and Advisor to The Batchery, a startup incubator and accelerator. Prior to that, Mr. Hawkins was Vice President of Business Development and Sales for MedeAnalytics, Inc., from May 2016 to October 2017. From November 2015 to March 2016, Mr. Hawkins served as a consultant to Cal INDEX, a non-profit health information exchange. Mr. Hawkins holds a B.A. in International Relations from Stanford University, and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Paul Ginocchio has served as our Chief Financial Officer since July 2020. Prior to joining us, from December 2019 to June 2020, Mr. Ginocchio served as an independent strategic advisor to multiple technology companies. Mr. Ginocchio previously served as Chief Financial Officer of Brightfield Strategies LLC., a workplace data and analytics company, from January 2017 to September 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Ginocchio served as an industry consultant and interim Chief Financial Officer from September 2016 to December 2016 for various companies. From November 1998 to May 2016, Mr. Ginocchio was Lead Analyst, then Managing Director of Information & Business Services Equity Research at Deutsche Bank AG. Mr. Ginocchio holds B.A. in Economics & Business Management from North Carolina State University, and a M.B.A. in Finance from Indiana University Kelley School of Business.

Non-Employee Directors

Jennifer Carter has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2020. Since April 2015, Ms. Carter has served in various roles at McKesson Ventures, including as Vice President of Portfolio Development and Marketing from April 2015 to September 2019, and as Vice President of Venture Operations from September 2019 to June 2020, then Vice President of Portfolio Development from June 2020 to present. Ms. Carter holds a B.A. in Economics from Boston College Caroll School of Management. We believe that Ms. Carter is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to her experience in healthcare operations and venture capital.

Jason Krikorian has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2017. He is also currently General Partner at DCM, where he has served since July 2010. Prior to joining DCM, Mr. Krikorian co-founded Sling Media, Inc., a digital media and device company. Mr. Krikorian holds a B.A. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley, a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law, and a M.B.A. from the University of Virginia Darden School of Business. We believe that Mr. Krikorian is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his expertise as an entrepreneur and venture capital investor in technology companies.

Joseph Marks, Ph.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2020. He is also currently Chief Technology Officer for Weta Digital Ltd., a digital visual effects company, where he has served since September 2020. Dr. Marks is also Executive Director of the Center for Machine Learning and Health at Carnegie Mellon University, where he has served since May 2016. Dr. Marks co-founded Caboodle Technologies, Inc. in April 2018. Prior to that, Dr. Marks was Co-Founder of Upfront Analytics, LTD, based in Dublin, Ireland. Earlier in his career, Dr. Marks served as Research Scientist, then Research Director at Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs from 1993 to 2006. Dr. Marks holds an A.B. in Applied Mathematics, as well as a Master of Science and Ph.D. in Computer Science, all from Harvard University. We believe that Dr. Marks is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience as an entrepreneur and technology researcher.

Gerard van Hamel Platerink has served as Chairman of our board of directors since September 2020 and has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2016. Mr. van Hamel Platerink currently serves as a Managing Director of Redmile Group, LLC (“Redmile”), a healthcare focused investment firm with offices in San Francisco, New York and Paris, which he joined in May 2012. Prior to joining Redmile, Mr. van Hamel Platerink was a Managing Director with Accuitive Medical Ventures, a healthcare venture capital firm from 2003 to 2012. Mr. van Hamel Platerink holds a B.S. in Physics from the University of St. Andrews, and an M.B.A. from University of Cambridge. We believe that Mr. van Hamel Platerink is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his expertise as a venture capital investor, and knowledge regarding the healthcare industry.

Corporate Governance

Appointment of Officers